Teaching Vocabulary

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Teaching Vocabulary

• A word is a microcosm of human consciousness.
• Vygotsky

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A word cannot be taught.

• It can be presented, explained, included in all
  kinds of activities, and experienced in all
  manner of associations but ultimately it is
  learned by the individual. As language teachers,
  we must arouse interest in words

From Communicating Naturally in a Second
Language, CUP
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Means of presentation

• Translation
• Real things, Pictures
• Actions/gestures
• Definitions
• Example sentences
• Situations

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Some Painless Practice
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• Extraordinary
• Ardent
• Scrutinize
• Regale
• Procure

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Look up the dictionary!

• 1st in the world, Assyria 7th B.C.
• Greeks 5th BC (Homer)
• Chinese dictionary 2nd AD
• Italiano-Tedesco 1477, 1st bilingual
• English
• 1604, Robert Cawdrey 3,000 dif
• 1755, Samuel Johnson
• 1828, Noah Webster, 70,000
• 1933, Oxford English Dictionary, 425k

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extraordinary written f

• Spoken form
• Meanings 1. v unusual, surprising 2. more
  impressive
• unusual, incredible
• Frequency S3 W3
• Connotations v much greater, appr or disappr
  BUT approving if about a person

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extraordinary

• Register BrE quite/most extraordinary, spoken
  BrE How extraordinary!
• Collocations 1.e meeting/session 2.minister e
• Grammatical behaviour its e that, e thing to
  do/say/happen
• Derivations extraordinarily adv, extraordinaire
  adj, only after noun, humourous, chef
  extraordinaire

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ardent
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ardent

• passionate, Latin ardere burn
• Literary. Showing strong feeling of love

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regale

• régaler, from Old French gale 'pleasure, fun'
• From there he would descend and regale visitors
  with his anecdotes.
• Phrasal verb, written
• Regale sb with sth

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Phrasal verbs

1. I , e.g. come to
2. T inseparable, e.g. look into
3. T separable, e.g. put off
4. 3-part, e.g. put up with T
   inseparable

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Phrasal verbs groups

• Lexical verb
• get up/ back/ off/ over etc
• Particles
• Drive/cool/ stick/ kick/ note down

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procure

• In the Soviet times most products had to be
  procured.
• After the war the government procured an official
  pardon for ex-fighters to establish peace.
• He was accused of procuring weapons for
  terrorists
• T formal

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Formal - informal

• Possession of such a letter is not obligatory but
  should greatly facilitate entry.

• Its not absolutely necessary to have this
  letter, but if you do have it, itll make it much
  easier to get into the country.

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Informal - formal

• These arrangements may have to be changed,
  particularly if the weathers bad.

• Subject to alteration, especially in adverse
  weather conditions.

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Mark the register

• Dear Scott,
• I have booked Diana to arrive in Barcelona at
  22.25 on 19th August. I hope the lateness of the
  hour doesnt discommode you too much. Di will be
  flying out on 25th August. Are you cool with
  these arrangement? If not, I can change them no
  probs.
• Regards,

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look carefully/closely take/have a look at
analyze study check check over
inspect go through/go over look over
scrutinize

• To examine something

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scrutinise

• N scru.ti.ny
• N scru.ti.neer
• N scruple
• Adj scru.pu.lous

Word family
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Make words

• PRR
• XDR
• RTZ
• RDT
• RGL

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Use in a sentence!

• Regale Procure
• Procure Scrutinize
• Scrutinize Extraordinary
• Extraordinary Ardent
• Ardent Regale

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Extraordinary / scrutinize / ardent / procure /
regale

• Plain/daily/astonishing/pleasant
• Enthusiastic/clear/involved/ occupied
• Enjoy/read/arrange/inspect
• Bore/confuse/entertain/destroy
• Seal/obtain/rescue/convince

Synonyms!
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• Devour
• Ponder
• Endure
• Elicit
• Sheer

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devour

• T 1.eat when hungry 2.read/watch with great
  interest 3.literary to destroy someone or
  something 4. to use up all of something
• Be devoured by sth

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Learning vocabulary is learning to make the best
lexical choice for the needs of the moment.
David Crystal
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Why go to supermarket?

• Local shops have limited choice

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Why difficult to buy from supermarket?

• Too much choice
• Need to consult consumer magazines

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Activate devour 1.

• Eat up
• Finish
• Finish off/up
• Polish off
• Demolish

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Learn a word

• Gain two!

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ponder

• Latin ponderare to weigh
• formal to spend time thinking carefully and
  seriously about a problem, a difficult question,
  or something that has happened consider

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• He continued to ponder the problem as he walked
  home.
• Holyfield had a considerable advantage over his
  ponderous opponent
• Inquiry should be done boldly, whether applied to
  innovation or ponderous theoretical matter.

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Connotation and Emphasis

• Famous/notorious
• Freedom fighter
• Terrorist
• Assert
• Aggress
• Angry / fuming / furious / livid

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Whats the connotation?

• Ponderous book/system

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• When the Greek Gods made his life miserable, the
  hero Odysseus had no choice but to endure.

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endure

• V
• Adj enduring
• N endurance
• Adj endurable

Word formation
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elicit

• When her knock elicited no response, she opened
  the door and peeped in.
• The test uses pictures to elicit words from the
  child.
• The longest story is so full of pathos that the
  joke lines elicit only sympathy, not laughter.

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sheer

• She was wearing sheer stockings.
• The sheer size of the country makes
  communication difficult.
• Ill never forget the look of sheer joy on her
  face.

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sheer

• Adj
• 1.heavy, large 2.pure 3.v steep 4.thin and fine

Polysemy
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• They saw cliffs which rose sheer from the sea.
• The boat sheered away and headed out to sea.

Some words can be more than one part of speech!
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Make words

• NDR
• LCT
• SHR
• PNR
• DVR

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One more for the list

• now / gift present
• steep / large
• consume / read
• consider / weigh
• bring forth / draw out
• go through / put up with

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Ponder/devour/endure/elicit/sheer

• Kindness is contagious! One act of kindness may
  __ another.
• When Henry saw his perfect test score, he boasted
  of his __ brilliance.
• Nowadays we hardly have to __ muscle pain anyone
  can easily purchase over-the-counter painkillers.

Context!
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Ponder/devour/endure/elicit/sheer

• Theresa hadnt eaten in hours, and she couldnt
  wait to __ the meals placed before her.
• Maya liked to think about infinity, a concept she
  could __ for hours.

Context!
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Verbal analogy

• Public private
• Extraordinary
• Ardent
• Sheer

• Weigh heavy
• Scrutinise
• Devour
• Regale
• Ponder

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• Cater
• Adorn
• Former
• Abate
• Enthrall

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cater

• Phr v cater for sb/sth cater to sb/sth
• Word family Caterer n, catering n, self-catering
  n
• Date1500-1600 Origincater 'someone who provides
  food, caterer' (14-17 centuries), from
  Anglo-French acatour, from Old North French
  acater 'to buy'

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Phrasal verb V adverb (ahead, away, back)

• Can stand alone It went astray.
• Personal pronoun goes before the particle They
  called him up last week.

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Prepositional verb V preposition (at, for,
from)

• Needs a following noun phrase The dog went for
  the postman.
• Personal pronoun goes after the particle They
  called on him last week.

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• Phrasal-prepositional verbs look forward to,
  get away with

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(No Transcript)
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TAKE
LOOK
GET
GO
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GET
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vomit
eject/reject
return
get rid of
THROW
put into with force
remove
down
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GET
GO
away
TAKE
escapedistant fromout of sight
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up
completion, direction to higher level Times
up! - finished
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up
over
on
out
through
GET
away
back
round
in
off
at
by
down
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adorn

• decorate, trim
• formal
• Grammar adorn sth with sth
• W family
• N adornment

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abate

• Public anger does not appear to be abating
• Steps are to be taken to abate pollution.
• Until the storm abates, I think Ill just pull
  over to the side of the road.
• His kindlier feelings abated, to be replaced by a
  resurgence of ill humour.

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enthral

• Am E enthrall
• W gr usually passive
• be enthralled by/ with sb/sth

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UK / US difference

• Odor - odour
• Centre center
• Scrutinise scrutinize
• Sport jacket sports jacket
• Spring onion green onion
• Cuff turn up

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UK / US difference quite

• quite/most extraordinary
• BrE not v enthusiastic about sth
• AmE makes the adj stronger
• Emphasis (stress)
• BrE quite not very, adj very
• AmE always very

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very interesting fascinating, gripping,
riveting, engrossing, enthralling, spellbinding

• riveting or gripping is so interesting or
  exciting that you do not want to stop watching
  it, reading it etc
• something that is engrossing, such as a book or
  your work, is so interesting that you do not
  notice anything that is happening around you

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• a story, film, piece of music etc that is
  spellbinding is so original or interesting that
  you are unable to think about anything else while
  you are reading it, watching it etc
• a story, film, game etc that is mesmerizing or
  enthralling is very interesting and exciting, so
  that you give all your attention to it

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former

• S2 W1
• In former times/years
• Sb/sths former self
• Be a shadow/ghost of your former self

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Make words

• RMR
• BT
• DRN
• CTR
• NHL

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• The local school was __ a hospital.
• I was looking at the house yesterday, and it
  needs something, some kind of __.
• It's the most __ house for children I've seen.
• The strange voices in her head __, but at a heavy
  price.
• It is clear that food sales in pubs are
  increasing faster than those in any other sector
  of the __ industry.

derivatives
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Cater/adorn/enthrall/abate/former

• Boxing is a violent sport, a fact that __ many of
  the sports fans. When you see a fighters shorts
  __ with a skull-and-crossbones logo, you know
  that some of the sports participants are only
  too eager to __ to their fans thirst for blood.

Paragraph
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Cater/adorn/enthrall/abate/former

• Many retired fighters, including __ heavyweight
  champ Muhammad Ali, suffer from the excessive
  blows they have absorbed in the ring. Until the
  publics love of violence __, we can count on
  more violence in the ring and more injuries to
  the sports practitioners.

Paragraph
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To learn a word
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• or more encounters with it!

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The Last Word

• Abate lessen the intensity
• Devour increase the intensity
• Which other list words reflect intensity?

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What makes the words difficult?

• Pronunciation
• Spelling
• Length complexity
• Grammar
• Meaning
• Range, connotation and idiomaticity

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Grouping into

• Initial vowel lists
• Parts of speech
• Change to make sense
• Extraordinary person
• Ardent person
• Sheer person
• Former person
• Words to use about a person
• Verbs to take an object (person/thing)

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Show time!
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• The new chief executive knew hed have a hard
  time trying to equal the __ leader in terms of
  popularity, effectiveness and reputation.
• When his parents showed their son his first
  bicycle, an expression of __ delight appeared on
  the boys face.
• The Brandts look forward all year to their
  tree-trimming party, where everyone gets a chance
  to select a trinket to __ the tree.

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• As the campfire burned, the scoutmaster __ the
  boys with a couple of amusing ghost stories.
• The principal, hoping to __ a confession, told
  the student in great detail all the convincing
  evidence he had gathered.
• The restaurant owner knew what his customers
  liked, and he made a pile of money because he was
  smart enough to __ to their tastes.

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• After Philip had been caught cheating, his
  teacher sent him to detention and encouraged him
  to use his time there to __ the foolishness of
  his ways.
• Before you sign the contract, you had better __
  each and every word.
• Because Romeo had so __ ly confessed his true
  affections, Juliet could find little reason to
  hide hers.

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• The New York Yankees began the season in __
  fashion by playing a pair of games in of all
  places Tokyo!
• Even though you earned only a B on the
  third-quarter report card, now is not the time to
  __ your efforts with a solid forth quarter, you
  can still earn an A in this class.
• Yitzhak Perlmans violin solo __ the audience,
  who could only wonder at the quality of the sound.

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• After having fasted for an entire day, Bill __
  the first meal that was placed before him.
• When TV first appeared on the scene, some people
  wondered whether this new invention would __ ,
  but now, many years later, TV is more popular
  than ever.
• Terri had so much fun using her friends Play
  Station that she was eager to __ one of her own.

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On Your Own

• Write a good body paragraph about the fascination
  you had when a child. Include at least five
  words.
• Strong topic sentence
• Several supporting Ss
• Strong clincher sentence to wrap it up

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Without grammar very little can be conveyed,
without vocabulary nothing can be
conveyed. David Wilkins