U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Program, Policy and International Cooperation

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U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and
Timing Program, Policy and International
Cooperation

• UN/China Regional UN-SPIDER Workshop
• Building Upon Regional Space-based Solutions for
  Disaster Management and Emergency Response
• Shenzhen, China
• December 3-5, 2007

Alice Wong, Senior Advisor Office of Space and
Advanced Technology Bureau of Oceans and
International Environmental and Scientific
Affairs U.S. State Department
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Introduction

• Like the Internet, GPS has become a critical
  component of the global information
  infrastructure
• Scalable applications enabling broad new
  capabilities
• Facilitating innovations in efficiency, safety,
  environmental, public safety/crisis and disaster
  management, and science
• Over the past decade, GPS has grown into a global
  utility providing space-based positioning,
  navigation and timing (PNT)
• Consistent, predictable, dependable policy and
  performance
• Augmentations improve performance even further

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Current Constellation
30 Operational Satellites (Baseline
Constellation 24)

• 14 Block IIA satellites operational
• 12 Block IIR satellites operational
• 4 Block IIR-M satellites operational
• Transmitting new second civil signal (L2C)
• Continuously assessing constellation health to
  determine launch need
• New IIR-M satellite launched - Oct 07
• Global GPS civil service performance commitment
  met continuously since 1993

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GPS constellation Delivering excellent
performance
Standard
Performance Improving
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Augmentations
Space-Based Augmentations
Ground-Based Augmentations (NDGPS, GRAS, LAAS,
etc.)
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GPS Modernization

• System-wide improvements in
• Accuracy
• Availability
• Integrity
• Reliability
• Backward compatibility
• Robustness against interference
• Improved indoor, mobile, and urban use
• Interoperability with other GNSS constellations

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GPS III Satellites Civil Signals

• Next-generation satellite needed to accommodate
  increasing power requirements
• Development approach to reduce risk, increase
  flexibility
• Separate contracts for space and ground segments
• Acquisition processes for control segment
  /satellite are underway
• OCX Request for Proposal Released contract
  awarded on Nov 07
• GPS IIIA Request for Proposal Released contract
  award projected for Jan 08
• Civil benefits
• Provides operational capability for second (L2C)
  and third (L5) civil signals
• In combination with GPS IIR-M and IIF satellites
• Delivers L1C for interoperability with Galileo
  and Glonass
• Significant increase in system accuracy
• Improved availability of accuracy with integrity

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U.S. Policy History

• 1978 First GPS satellite launched
• 1983 U.S. President offers free civilian access
  to GPS
• 1996 First U.S. GPS Policy. Established GPS a
  dual-use system under joint civil/military
  management

• 1997 U.S. Congress passes law requiring civil
  GPS to be provided free of direct user fees
• 2000 U.S. President set Selective Availability
  to Zero
• 2004 U.S. President issued U.S. Policy on
  Space-Based PNT
• 2007 U.S. President announces Selective
  Availability will no longer be built into
  modernized GPS III satellites

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U.S. Policy Principles
Outlined in 2004 Presidential Policy on
Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
(PNT)

• Provide civil GPS and augmentations free of
  direct user fees on a continuous, worldwide
  basis.
• Provide open, free access to information needed
  to develop equipment.
• Improve performance of civil GPS and
  augmentations to meet or exceed that of
  international systems.

• Encourage international development of PNT
  systems based on GPS.
• Seek to ensure international systems are
  interoperable with civil GPS and augmentations.
• Address mutual security concerns with
  international providers to prevent hostile use.

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National Space-Based PNT Organizational Structure
WHITE HOUSE
WHITE HOUSE
Defense
Transportation
NATIONALSPACE-BASED PNT EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE Co-Chairs Defense, Transportation
State
ADVISORYBOARD Sponsor NASA
Commerce
Homeland Security
Joint Chiefs of Staff
NATIONAL COORDINATIONOFFICE Host Commerce
NASA
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International Cooperation

• Positive results of a decade of diplomatic
  efforts are beginning to be seen
• New satellite constellations and regional
  augmentations systems, while independently owned
  and operated, are being designed to be compatible
  and interoperable
• Coordination mechanisms are being created to
  promote interoperability, promote GNSS use, and
  ensure a level playing field in the global
  marketplace

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Bilateral GPS Cooperation

• U.S.-Japan Policy and technical consultations on
  GPS cooperation since 1996
• QZSS design to be compatible, interoperable with
  GPS
• Working to establish QZSS monitoring stations in
  Hawaii/Guam
• U.S.-EU GPS-Galileo Cooperation Agreement since
  2004
• Established four Work Groups
• July 2007 accord on improved civil signal (MBOC)
• U.S.-India Policy and technical consultations on
  GPS cooperation since 2005
• Joint Statement on GNSS Cooperation, February
  2007
• Research into ionospheric distortion/solutions
• ISRO requested U.S. to meet on compatibility,
  interoperability and spectrum coordination

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Bilateral GPS Cooperation (C0ntd)

• U.S.-Russia Joint Statement establishing
  cooperative working groups in 2004
• Discussing greater interoperability of civil
  GPS-GLONASS signals
• Russia WG-1 chair prop0sed adopting two new civil
  CDMA signals at L1, L5, interoperable with GPS
• U.S.-Australia Joint Delegation Statement on
  Civil GPS cooperation signed April 2007
• Long standing working relationship on GNSS civil
  aviation technologies and applications
• Developing enhanced mechanisms for notification
  of GPS satellite operational changes

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Regional Approach

• APEC/GNSS Implementation Team (GIT) provides
  excellent forum to consult with a wide range of
  users
• GIT has focused on air traffic control and
  related aviation issues seeks to broaden its
  coverage on GNSS applications to all modes of
  transportation
• APEC/GIT seeks project proposals to facilitate
  GNSS implementation and use in APEC economies
• A GNSS Innovation Summit is tentatively planned
  in Bangkok in May 2008 prior to the next Team
  meeting

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International Committee on GNSS (ICG)

• Emerged from 3rd UN Conference on the Exploration
  and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space July 1999
• Promote the use of GNSS and its integration into
  infrastructures, particular in developing
  countries
• Encourage compatibility and interoperability
  among global and regional systems
• Unique mix of GNSS providers (US, EU, Russia,
  China Japan, India) and international user groups
  to address common issues, e.g. reference frame,
  orbital debris

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ICG (Continued)

• Exchange Views on ICG Work Plan by Work Groups
• A. Interoperability and compatibility
• B. Enhancement of Performance of GNSS Services
• C. Information dissemination, education, outreach
  coordination
• D. Interaction with monitoring and reference
  station network organizations
• First Providers Forum and ICG-2 held in India
  September 2007
• Providers agreed on interoperability and
  compatibility terms
• China requested to be recognized as a GNSS
  Provider
• U.S. to host ICG-3 in Pasadena, Cal. December
  8-12, 2008

As new space-based GNSS emerges globally,
interoperability is the key to success for all
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Summary

• GPS performance is getting better and continuing
  to improve
• Augmentations enable high performance today
• Second new GPS signal now available
• No Selective Availability features in GPS III
• U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy continues to provide
  stability and transparency for users and industry
• Encourages/promotes worldwide use of civil GPS
  and augmentations
• U.S. Govt management structure for GPS and
  augmentations is stronger and more active
• Many policy implementation actions in progress
• International cooperation is a U.S. top priority

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Contact Information
Alice A. Wong Senior Advisor U.S. State
Department OES/SAT, SA-23 Suite 410 Washington,
D.C. 20520 Ph [phone] Fax (202)
663-2402 E-mailwongaa2_at_state.gov Recent
Presentation www.PNT.gov GPS Information
www.GPS.gov