GIS Interoperability: Semantic Approach and P2P

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GIS Interoperability Semantic Approach and P2P

• I Wayan S. Wicaksana
• iwayan_at_u-bourgogne.fr

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Issues in GIS Interoperability

• Format spatial data
• Difference scale of spatial data
• Layering spatial data
• Heterogeneity(syntactic, structural and semantic)
• Size of data
• Complex structure
• Link spatial data and non spatial data
• Autonomy, dynamic, open

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Classification Model

• Level of Interoperability (Plateform, Syntactic,
  Application) Kokou2004
• Five classifications (cataloguing, gateway, data
  warehousing, mediator based, hybrid).
  Amarnath1999
• Architecture model (centralized, two-tier C/S,
  three-tier C/S, multi-tier C/S, P2P, distributed)
  Zhu2002

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Some Approaches in Standardization

• OpenGIS Consortium (OGC) www.opengis.orgOGC200
  0, OGIS2001 is working in standardization of
  components (OGIS - Open Geodata
• Interoperability Specification). However, OGC
  topic 14 Semantic and Information Communities
  has not been considered in depth Visser2002a.
• Digital Earth DEI2002
• ESRI spatial data standard ESRI2003,
  interoperability ESRI and OGC specification
  ESRI2004, ArcGIS ESRI2004b,ESRI Shapefile
  ESRI1998

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Some Approaches in Mediation

• wrapper mediator ontology FredericoTarekV
  isser2002a
• MIX (mediation information using XML) projects
  Amarnath1999. using model XML-DTD like
  TSIMMIS, query based on XMAS query languaged,
  query evaluation may be viewed by virtual XML
  documents
• Map overlay using XML-based metadata (GML)
  Hsiung2004
• GeoNis Project Leonid2002, Leonid2003 using
  ORCHIDEA Leonid mediator platforms, based on
  six presumptions (simple, transparant, open,
  equal, independence, effective, universal and
  belonging), Orchidea ontology refert to top-level
  and hybrid model ontology, ontology as
  translator, query based on SQL using XML-DTD.
  Orchidea platform contents GinisWebAna,
  GinisNTLeonida, etc, and example of
  implementation in telecommunication company
  GeoTTDragan1999.

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Some Approaches in Mediation

• DISGIS Arne1999, architecture for Intranet /
  Internet interoperability, based on ISO RM-ODP
  model, there are five views (technology,
  engineering, information computational and
  enterprise), focus on convert among UML, XML,
  C .
• Ontology-Driven Geographic Information System
  (ODGIS) Frederico, Frederico2001 takes idea
  form Ontology Driven Information System (ODIS)
  by Guarino.
• WFS and GML as based mediation for GIS
  interoperability Omar2002, GAV approach,
  client server architecure based, WFS to enhance
  wrapper, using GeoServer is a free software as
  implementation of OGC WFS.
• BUSTER Stuckenschmidt Evafor spatial
  representation reasoning, queries and inforamtion
  brokering. BUSTER/Q is for information
  retrieval and BUSTER/IS is for semantic
  integratonUbbo2002.

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Our Problem

• Special problems besides general problem of GIS
  interoperabilty
• Decentralized with high autonomy
• Limited bandwidth and connection
• GIS data is not free

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Motivation

• Planning of government development, especially in
  human resources needs some information based on
  spatial and non-spatial data. Especially for
  Indonesia, there are 6 bigs island (13,000
  island), but distribution of population is
  almoust 75 in Java island. Infrastructure,
  industry, agriculture, education planning is very
  crucial aspect.
• For example, a investor has plan to develop
  agriculture industry in one area. The investor
  should know the support facilities for his
  industry. The facility such as agriculture plan,
  infrastructure, human resources, etc.
• The motivation focus on human resources, so the
  investor should find out information about
  un-skill and skill labor, education institution
  close to industry. In searching the information
  some ministry as sources will be involved, such
  as ministry of education, ministry of manpower,
  ministry of trade and industry, ministry of
  agriculture.

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Propose Approach

• Decentralized with high autonomy (semantic
  interoperability idea from BUSTER, Observer
  and common-local ontology from Kokou paper)
• Limited bandwidth and connection (P2P model
  idea from APPOINT, GIS Services and
  Peer-SuperPeer)
• GIS data is not free (non technical problem)

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