Expanding West

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Expanding West
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F.O.A. (Bellwork)
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Essential Questions

• What is Westward Expansion? What role did
  Tennessee play in it? (8.3 spi 6)

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Today

• Finish Readers Theater
• Video on Westward expansion
• Notes

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Whats happening?
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Question

• Whats manifest destiny?

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Questions

• What is westward expansion?
• How did populations change as Americans expanded
  to the West?
• What were some of the consequences of westward
  expansion?

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What Started It All
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• In the early 1800s, beaver furs were highly
  sought after used in making hats
• Whole population killed off in the east
• Trappers began to move west in order to find more
• Fur traders and trappers who moved west were
  known as mountain men
• Adopted Native American clothing and living

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• Bringing furs out of the mountains to buyers in
  the east was expensive
• As a result, many fur companies moved west to
  save money
• Brought more people to the West eventually began
  moving into Oregon Territory

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The Oregon Trail

• 2,000 mile trail from the Midwest to Oregon
  California
• Expensive journey many dangers
• Food shortages
• Weather and landforms
• Native attacks
• The Santa Fe Trail was similar and ended in
  present day NM

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Question

• What reasons can you think of that would explain
  why so many Americans would journey west?
• Why would they face so many threats and dangers?

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The Mormons

• Officially belonged to The Church of Jesus Christ
  of Latter-Day Saints
• Led by Joseph Smith Brigham Young
• Seeking religious freedom in Utah

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F.O.A. (Bellwork)
Who can translate this expression?
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F.O.A. (Bellwork)
Whats happening in this photo?
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EQs

• Who is Sam Houston? (8.4 spi 9)
• What were the causes and effects of Americas war
  with Mexico? (8.4 spi 9)

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This week

• Today Texas Revolution notes
• Tuesday Texas Revolution timeline
• Wednesday Review for LCAP
• Thursday LCAP
• Friday Mexican-American War

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Everythings Bigger in. . .
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Texas

• Originally, the areas of TX and Mexico belonged
  to Spain
• 1821 Mexico becomes independent and sets up a
  representative government
• The new government hired empresarios (agents) to
  bring people to TX

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• In exchange for free land, TX settlers had to
  obey Mexican laws
• Often didnt happen slavery is one example
• General Santa Anna takes over Mexico
• Wants to squash the unrest in TX

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• In 1836, TX declares independence from Mexico
• Created a constitution like that of the U.S.
• These actions really upset Santa Anna and he
  begins getting the Mexican army ready to attack

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The Alamo

• Small TX volunteer army fights for nearly two
  weeks against larger Mexican army
• All the defenders of the Alamo die
• Remember the Alamo! becomes the war cry of the
  TX military

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A New Nation

• Fighting ends at the Battle of San Jacinto
• Sam Houston, a TN native, is its first president
• Davy Crockett
• Many Americans wanted to annex TX as a state, but
  not Andrew Jackson
• New Mexican government would not recognize the TX
  nation

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Homework

• Read pages 350-353.
• Answer 1-3 all parts on page 353.

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Acquiring New Lands

• By the 1840s, many Americans believed it was
  their manifest destiny (obvious fate) to control
  all the territory from the Atlantic to the
  Pacific
• Most wanted to annex OR and TX

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• In 1844, Democrat James K. Polk of TN becomes
  president
• Narrowly defeats Whig candidate Henry Clay
• Immediately sets out to gain Oregon
• 1848 - U.S. Britain agree on the 49th Parallel
  for border

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• America takes TX in 1845 Mexico upset because
  they see it as being stolen
• Couldnt get too upset though, because Mexico
  still had large amounts of land to govern
  including California

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What Was California Like?

• Mexico got rid of the old mission system in its
  borders
• Mexicos government began giving massive amounts
  of lands to its wealthiest settlers
• Vaqueros Mexican cowboys
• Herded animals and taught American settlers their
  lifestyle

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• Californios
• Early settlers of CA territory felt isolated
  from Mexican government because of the distance
  between them
• Anglos from America move in begin calling for
  CA to become independent

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Mexican-American War

• America tries to buy Mexican lands of NM and CA
  for 30 million
• Doesnt work Polk sends military to the border
  to secure it
• Gen. Zachary Taylor invades Mexico Polk tells
  Congress that Mexico invaded America

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• Over 200,000 volunteer to fight for the U.S.
• Launch attacks in Mexico, NM, and CA
• Anglos in CA declare independence
• Bear Flag Revolt
• Ends with American army claiming CA

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End of the War

• Mexico City Final battle
• Result Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
• Also known as the Mexican Cession
• U.S. gets land gives Mexico 15 million

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• Americans wanted a southern railroad in all U.S.
  territory
• Gadsden Purchase Mexico gave U.S. southern
  parts of modern-day AZ and NM for 10 million

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Culture Clash

• As more Americans began to move into old Mexican
  lands, they began to clash with Mexican settlers
• Land rights
• Water rights

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Expensive Nuggets
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The California Gold Rush

• For years, the Oregon Trail had been bringing
  settlers to OR and CA
• In 1839, Mexico gives John Sutter permission to
  start a colony in CA

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• 1848 Gold is discovered on Sutters land
• Wants to keep it a secret, but cant
• President Polk doesnt help
• 1849 More than 80,000 miners reach CA looking
  for gold nicknamed forty-niners

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Results

• Mining towns began to spring up in CA
• San Francisco is where most miners went its
  population increases from 800 to 25,000 in just
  two years
• Incoming miners began to prospect for gold
  staking a claim

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Life As a Miner

• Mining was hard work and very rarely did people
  get rich
• Placer mining
• Some stopped mining for gold and opened other
  businesses
• Restaurants
• Laundromats
• Hotels

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Immigration

• Not all miners were American many came from
  Europe, South America, and Asia
• 24,000 Chinese in just four years
• Immigrants and Californios were often treated
  unfairly by American settlers

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Impact on California

• Due to the population explosion over gold, CA is
  eligible for statehood just two years after
  becoming a U.S. territory (1850)
• Many Californians begin ranching and farming
  instead of mining HARD work

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Westward Expansion

• CAUSES
• Manifest Destiny
• America acquires new lands in the west
• New trails are discovered to the west
• Gold is discovered in CA

• EFFECTS
• Native Americans forced off their lands
• Americans travel west for new land
• U.S. stretches all the way to the Pacific Ocean
• CA experiences a population boom