Managing Peace and Security: Deterrence and Diplomacy

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Managing Peace and Security Deterrence and
Diplomacy
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What is the chapter about?

• What are some causes of international conflict?
• How does Singapore ensure its national security
  using the two-pronged approach of deterrence and
  diplomacy?

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Deterrence

• Deter to discourage or restrain from acting
  or proceeding The large dog deterred
  trespassers.
• Deterrence the act of deterring
• Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Retrieved
  November 04, 2008, from Dictionary.com website
  http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/deter

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Diplomacy

• Diplomacy The art or practice of conducting
  international relations, as in negotiating
  alliances, treaties, and agreements.
• The American Heritage Dictionary of the English
  Language, Fourth Edition. Retrieved November 04,
  2008, from Dictionary.com website
  http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/diplomacy

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Conflict

• Conflict is natural in human
• societies.
• People have conflicts all
• the time.
• Countries are like people too.

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Conflict

• Why do conflicts occur among countries?
• - all countries want to protect their national
  interests
• - conflicts occur when countries do not agree
  with one another on various issues which might
  threaten their national interests

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Territory

• Conflict over land / border
• e.g. India VS. China
• Singapore VS. Malaysia

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Sino-Indian War1962
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Sino-Indian War1962
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Pedra Branca (SIN)/ Pulau Batu Puteh (MAL)
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Pedra Branca (SIN)/ Pulau Batu Puteh (MAL)
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Dokdo / Takeshima
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Resources

• E.g. Conflict over fishing grounds between
  Iceland and Britain

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Iceland
Britain
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Ideology

• I-de-ol-o-gy A set of doctrines or beliefs
  that form the basis of a political, economic, or
  other system.
• The American Heritage Dictionary of the English
  Language, Fourth Edition. Retrieved November 08,
  2008, from Dictionary.com website
  http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/ideology

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Korean Conflict
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Korean Conflict

• North Korean believed in communism
• South Korea believed in Democracy
• USSR, USA, PRC and UN were all involved in the
  Korean Conflict

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How do countries manage conflicts?

• Criticise each other openly
• Reduce trade with the conflicting country
• Resolve conflict through peaceful negotiations
• Seek help from regional and international
  organisations
• Start a war
• Display strength of military force to warn other
  countries
• Cut diplomatic ties with each other
• Protest to the other country through their
  representatives

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How does Singapore manage conflict and ensure
national security?

• It adopts a two-pronged approach

Deterrence
Diplomacy
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Deterrence

• Refers to measures taken by countries to prevent
  and protect themselves from threats
• These threats may be from other countries or
  non-state aggressors like transnational terrorists

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How is deterrence practiced?

• Citizens armed force

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How is deterrence practiced?

• 3rd Generation Singapore Armed Forces

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How is deterrence practiced?

• Singapores defence industry

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How is deterrence practiced?

• Total Defence

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How is deterrence practiced?

• Multi-agency coordination on security

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How is deterrence practiced?

• Military co-operation with other countries
• - bilateral military agreements and
  excercises
• - Multi-lateral military agreements and
  excercises

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Diplomacy

• Bilateral relations
• Regional relations
• International relations

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ASEAN

• - Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Laos
  Malaysia Burma Philippines Singapore
  Thailand Vietnam

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United Nations

• Singapore was admitted as the 117th member of the
  UN
• Membership in the UN approves the sovereignty of
  the small states and therefore contributes to
  their independence and territorial integrity. The
  UN also enables a small country to develop
  friendship with other nations, monitor world
  trends and collect valuable information. (pg 186)