England and France During the Middle Ages

1
England and France During the Middle Ages
2
England
3
Early Invasions

• 800s England battered by invasions
• Alfred the Great turned back Viking invasions
• England land of the Angles
• 1016 Anglo-Saxons/Vikings become one people
  (Canute)
• 1042 Edward the Confessor takes throne, dies in
  1066 without heir

4
The Norman Conquest

• William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy
• Edwards cousin claimed English crown and
  invaded England with Norman army
• Williams rival, Harold Godwinson (Anglo-Saxon)
  fought Battle of Hastings
• After victory, declared England his personal
  property

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Englands Evolving Government
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Two Goals

• Hold and add to French land
• Strengthen own power over nobles and the Church
• Henry II (descendent of William The Conqueror)
  marries Eleanor of Aquitaine
• Juries and Common Law
• First to use juries in justice system (12
  individuals)
• Only king could conduct them
• Common law unified body of law

7
The Magna Carta

• Document drawn up by English nobles and
  reluctantly approved by King John
• This document serves as the basic legal rights
  both in England and the United States

8
Model Parliament

• Edward I needed to raise money for war against
  French, Welsh, and Scots
• Summoned burgesses from every borough and two
  knights from every county to serve as parliament.
• Nov. 1295 meeting of multiple parties to create
  Model Parliament
• This model was used by later kings
• House of Commons
• House of Lords
• Parliament provided check on royal power

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Magna Carta Primary Document Activity

• When instructed, rejoin your group from Thursday
  (1-8). If you were absent, please ask me to place
  you in a group.

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The section assignments are as follows

• Group 1 Section 1, 12
• Group 2 Section 16, 17
• Group 3 Section 18, 28
• Group 4 Section 30, 38
• Group 5 Section 39, 40
• Group 6 Section 42, 45
• Group 7 Section 55, 63
• Group 8 Section 61

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France
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Capetian Dynasty Rules France

• Also looked to increase power
• 1000 France divided into 47 feudal territories
• Louis the Sluggard (last of Carolingian dynasty)
  died in 987
• Hugh Capet
• Duke from the middle of France
• Capet family had small territory, but it included
  Paris
• Capetian dynasty (987-1328)

13

• France become separate Kingdom
• Philip II
• Ruled from 1180-1223
• Had greatest success against King John
• Wanted stronger central government/ established
  royal officials (bailiffs)

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Philips Heirs

• Louis IX (1226-1270)
• Made saint by Catholic Church
• French appeals court
• Strengthened monarchy and weakened feudal ties
• Philip IV (1285 to 1314)
• Involved with quarrel with pope
• Pope refuses to allow priests to pay taxes to king

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Estates General

• First Estate- Church Leaders
• Second Estate- Great Lords
• Estates General- commoners, wealth landowners,
  and merchants

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Beginnings of Democracy

• Set up centralized governments to govern
  widespread lands
• Common law and court systems