Age of Exploration

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Age of Exploration

• Europeans Explore the East

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Todays Goal ? You will be able to

• State the religious, economical, and
  technological reasons for the Age of Exploration
• The West transformed in Renaissance
  Reformation
• Now the West EXPANDS

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Background

• Vikings had explored northern seas ca. 1000 AD
• 1275 Marco Polo visited Kublai Kahn in China

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God, Glory, Gold

• Spread Christianity
• Fame!
• Find new sources of wealth
• New trade routes

To serve God and His Majesty, to give light to
those who were in darkness and to grow rich as
all men desire to do. Bartolomeu Dias
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New Technology

• Cartography map-making
• Caravel sturdier ship
• Triangular sails better against wind
• Navigational techniques
• Astrolabe (Muslims)
• Magnetic compass (Chinese)

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Portugal Leads the Way

• Strong govt support of exploration
• Prince Henry the Navigator ? supported
  exploration
• Founded navigational school
• Est. trading posts on coast of Africa
• Began attempt to find sea route to Asia

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Early Portuguese Exploration

• 1488 Bartolomeu Dias sailed to Cape of Good
  Hope (tip of S. Africa)
• 1497 Vasco da Gama reached port of Calicut,
  India
• Direct sea route to Asia

Da Gama
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Portugals Trading Empire

• Broke Muslim-Italian dominance on trade
• More Europeans could afford goods
• Took control of spice trade from Muslim merchants
• Controlled of the Straits of Hormuz, Strait of
  Malacca

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Spain Follows Portugals Lead

• 1492 Christopher Columbus reached island in
  Caribbean
• Increasedtensions between Spain Portugal
• Pope Alexander IV created Line of Demarcation
• Lands to the west of the line Spains
• Lands to the east of the line Portugals
• 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas moved line
  farther west

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Spains Trading Empire

• 1521 Ferdinand Magellan arrived in Philippines
• Claimed settled the islands

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Other European Exploration

• England, Netherlands, France
• Created East India companies to mint , make
  treaties, raise armies
• Dutch Republic (Netherlands) independence from
  Spain in 1581
• Leading sea power largest fleet of ships
• Dutch East India Company

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Other European Exploration

• Dutch made trade headquarters _at_ Batavia on island
  of Java
• Ruled Indonesia controlled Indian Ocean trade
• Controlled Cape of Good Hope
• Amsterdam became leading commercial center

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Other European Exploration

• England English East India Company
• Outposts in India traded Indian cloth
• France French East India Company
• Struggled for outpost in India (not profitable)
• European influence in inland S.E. Asia was
  limited

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What does this illustrate about why the West
excelled?

• Competition!!!
• Among countries individuals for wealth power
• Led to need for better technology
• Led to advances in science, medicine, warfare,
  etc.
• Encountered new ideas, goods from areas of the
  world
• Did everyone benefit from exploration?