Review of Socialist Thinking Early 1800s

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Review of Socialist ThinkingEarly 1800s

• French, German, Great Britain

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French

• Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat Condorcet
• Claude Henri de Rouvroy Comte de Saint-Simon

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Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat Condorcet

• A physiocrat of Human Development
• Mankind in a trek towards truth and well-being

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(No Transcript)
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Claude Henri de Rouvroy Comte de
Saint-Simon(1760-1825)

• Role of the Government was to do
• INDUSTRIAL ADMINISTRATION
  

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Industrial Parliament
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Chamber of Inventions

• Duties To Select projects needed
• Composition 300 Members
• 200 Civil Engineers
• 50 Poets
• 25 Artists
• 15 Architects
• 10 Musicians

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Chamber of Examination

• Duties Determine the physical feasibility of
  the project submitted by the Chamber of Invention
• Composition 300 Members
• Mathematicians
• Physicist
• a few other scientist

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Chamber of Execution

• Duties To review the proposed projects
  initiated by the Chamber of Inventions and
  approved by the Chamber of Execution as feasible
• Power
• Has veto power of any and all projects
• Ability to tax and fund project
• Composition No specific number. Members
  represent all business sectors

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J. C. L. Sismonde de Sismondi (1773-1848)

• Strong opposition to the Abstract nature of the
  approach taken by Ricardo
• Argued that economics should always be
  NORMATIVE rather the POSITIVE

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German Socialist

• Rather Historicism

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Friedrich List (1789-1846)
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Historical Evolution(5 stages of development)

• Barbaric
• Pastoral
• Agricultural
• Agricultural/ Manufacturing
• Agricultural/ Manufacturing
• Agricultural/ Manufacturing/ Commerce

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Lists Criticism of Classical Economics

• Unlike Classical Economist, he argued that
  Economic Theory should be strongly nationalistic
  and historical.
• He used his Historical Stages to indicate how
  even within a country regions with different
  stages of development should have different
  economic theories

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Lists Criticism of Classical Economics (Cont.)

• Free trade that displaces either population or
  domestic industry is undesirable
• He criticize the Classical Economist for
  sacrificing the future for the present. He
  argued
• The power of producing wealth is infinitely
  more important than wealth itself

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Historical

• OLDER
• Wilhelm Roseher
• Abstract from Ricardo wrong since actions are
  based on the Reality developed by History

• YOUNGER
• Gustav Schmoller
• Even stronger sentiment against Ricardo

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Utopian Socialist

• Great Britain

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Robert Owen

• (1771-1858)
• Welsh

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Robert Owen

• A New View of Society
• Main point Individual Character is formed by
  for him not by him
• In a Report to the County of Lanark (1821) he
  sets the following eight principles
• character is universally formed for him not by
  him
• Any habits and sentiments may be given to mankind

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Report to the County of Lanark(cont.)

• The affections are not under the control of the
  individual
• Every individual may be trained to produce far
  more than he can consume, while there is
  sufficiency of soil left for him to cultivate
• Nature has provided means by which population may
  be at all times maintained in the proper state to
  five the greatest happiness to every individual,
  without one check of vice or misery

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Report to the County of Lanark(cont.)

• Any community may be arranged, on a due
  combination of the forgoing principles, in such a
  manner as not only to withdraw vice, poverty,
  and, in a great degree, misery from the world,
  but also to place every individual under such
  circumstances in which he shall enjoy more
  permanent happiness than can be given to any
  individual under the principles which have
  heretofore regulated society

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Report to the County of Lanark(cont.)

• That all the assumed fundamental principles on
  which society has hitherto been founded are
  erroneous, and may be demonstrated to be contrary
  to fact.
• That the change which would follow the
  abandonment of these erroneous maxims which bring
  misery to the world, and the adoption of
  principles of truth, unfolding a system which
  shall remove and forever exclude that misery, may
  be effected without the slightest injury to any
  human being.

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New Lanark Mills

• In 1800, after the marriage to the daughter of
  the proprietor, he commence management of the New
  Lanark Mill.
• He put his principles at work by providing to the
  workers
• housing
• childrens education
• raised wages
• decrease working hours
• other social improvements to the community

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New Lanark Mills(cont.)

• Result
• HE MADE LARGE PROFITS
• Other partners removed him from job
• He got disillusioned and moved to Indiana where
  he began a new experiment at New Harmony

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New Harmony

• New Harmony was founded by the Harmony Society in
  1814. In 1814 this utopian
• Religious community was sold to Robert Owen. Owen
  attracted scholars, scientists

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New Harmony

• and educators to his frontier commune and
  together they made a profound impact
• on American science, literature and art. Their
  homes and way of life are faithfully preserved
  and interpreted beginning at the Athenaeum,
  itself an

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New Harmony

• important piece of modern American architecture.
  North and Arthur Streets,
• [phone]. Open daily April-October,
  November-March, call for hours

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Charles Fourier

• 1772-1837

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The New World of LoveFour Harmonies

• Simple Celadony
• Composite Celadony
• Bimodal Celadony
• Multimodal Celadony

• One purely spiritual relationship
• One compound relationship (physical and
  spiritual)
• One spiritual and one compound
• One spiritual and many compound

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Stages of Historical Evolution

• Confussion
• Savagery
• Patriachism
• Barbarity
• Human Bliss (8,000 years)
• REPEAT THE CYCLES