Europe in the High Middle Ages 1000-1300

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Europe in the High Middle Ages1000-1300
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Europe in the High Middle Ages

• The New Agriculture
• Daily life of the Peasantry
• The Nobility of the Middle Ages
• Held the political, economic, and social power
• Were warriors
• Social divisions based on wealth and landholdings
• Aristocratic women

Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122-1204)
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The Revival of Trade

• Revival began in the eleventh and twelfth
  centuries
• Gradual process
• Accelerated by Crusades
• Centers of growth Italian states, Flanders
• Increase demand for money growth of banking

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Growth of Cities

• Beginning in 10th century, many new cities in
  northern Europe
• Fortified strongholds by merchants for trade
• Develop own governments w/unique laws
• Cities remained small, Europe remains rural

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Evolution of the European Kingdoms

• England
• Wm of Normandy (the Conqueror
• Magna Carta, 1215
• English Parliament, 1295
• House of Lords
• House of Commons

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• France
• Capetian kings
• Process of cautious centralization
• King eventually gained the power to
• Make church pay taxes
• Mint money employ professional soldiers apart
  from feudal armies
• Estates General

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• The Lands of the Holy Roman Empire
• Germany Italy only nominally controlled by Holy
  Roman Emperors
• Actually split into regional states run by feudal
  lords city-states
• Pope directly controlled central Italy

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The Migrations of the Slavs
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Development of Russia

• Oleg (c. 873-913), created the Rus state of Kiev
• Vladimir (c. 980-1015), becomes Orthodox
  Christian
• Alexander Nevsky (c. 1220-1263)
• Defeated an invading German army in 1242
• Cooperated with the Mongols and rewarded with
  title of grand prince

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Christianity and Medieval Civilization

• The Papal Monarchy
• Reform of the Papacy
• The Church Supreme
• New Religious Orders and New Spiritual Ideas

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The Culture of the High Middle Ages

• Rise of Universities
• Irnerius (1088-1125), Bologna, first university
  in Europe
• Competition for new universities
• Liberal arts curriculum
• Degrees
• Development of Scholasticism
• Theology queen of all sciences
• Scholasticism philosophical and theological
  system of the medieval schools
• Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), Summa Theologica

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Abbey of Saint Denis, Paris
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Bayeux Cathedral

• The Bayeux Cathedral in northern France, with
  its soaring vaulted ceiling and somber grey
  stone, is an excellent example of Norman Gothic
  architecture. Like all European cathedrals, it
  has undergone numerous architectural
  modifications over the centuries.

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The Early Crusades
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Medieval Europe and the World The Crusades

• The First Crusades
• Pope Urban II, 1088-1099
• Alexius I asked for help
• Council of Clermont, 1095
• First Crusade, 1096-1099
• Jerusalem, 1099
• Crusader feudal states
• Saladin captures Jerusalem in 1187
• Later Crusades
• The Fourth Crusade Marks the severing of East
  and West
• A series of failed efforts to recapture the Holy
  Land