The Hundred Years

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The Hundred Years War
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What was it?

• a series of wars between 2 royal families
• (Valois x Anjou/ Plantagenet)
• French x English
• 1337 1453
• fight over the control of various pieces of land
  in France

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Location
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Where can we find the roots of this conflict?

• 1) 1066 William the Conqueror
• (Norman Duke, a vassal of the French King)
• 2) Henry II married Eleanor of Aquitaine (12c)
• - got a big region in France
• - their sons Richard the Lionheart
• John the Lackland (lost land)
• 3) 1328 Charles IV (Valois) dies
• candidates Philip VI (Valois) x Edward III
• 4) Flanders a rich region under French control

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Dynastic conflict

• 1328 Charles IV (son of Philip IV) died
• wihout an heir
• there were 2 candidates see the family tree
• struggle over the throne started
• (1337 Philip confiscates Aquitaine)
• Lex Salica

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Family tree (Valois)
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Flanders as a reson for conflict

• industrial center of north-western Europe
• extremely wealthy cloth manufacture
• imported fleece/ wool from England
• England depended upon this trade exchange
• France wanted to control the region (Flemish
  counts were vassals of the French king)
• triangular trade
• Battle of Sluys 1340 English naval victory

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The War Breaks Out

• Battle of Sluys 1340
• Battle of Crecy 1346 (John of Luxembourg)
• Battle of Poitiers 1356 (French king captive)
• Black Death, rebellions in both countries
• (1350s Jacquerie, 1381 Pasants' Revolt)
• Battle of Agincourt 1415 (Treaty of Troyes, Henry
  V married Catherine French princess and their
  son is crowned king of E. and F. (Charles VII
  dauphin was disowned)

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Weapons and tactics

• longbow (English/ Welsh longbow)
• crossbow
• pikes
• swords, maces, etc.
• heavy cavalry (France)
• light infantry (England)
• avoiding pitch battle (England)
• use of terrain (England)

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(No Transcript)
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Black Death

• see separate presentation ?

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Joan of Arc

• she had a vision, God told her to go and tell the
  king
• she led the French to victory
• raising of the siege of Orleans
• dauphin Charles crowned French king as Charles
  VII
• 1431 burned at stake
• 1435 end of civil war (Burgundians)

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Final phase of the war

• English still held Aquitaine and Normandy
• 1453 Battle of Castillon
• final victory of the French
• England lost all its holdings in France
• no treaty, just cease fire

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What were the results of the war?

• study the last section of the text (6.3)
• and fill in the chart