The Road to Revolution

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The Road to Revolution (1770-1776)
The Rights of Englishmen!
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Chapter 7 Essential Understanding and DBQ
Analyze the ways in which British imperial
policies between 1763 and 1776 intensified
colonials resistance to British rule and their
commitment to republican values. (2009 FRQ)
New King means New Policies!
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Rights of EnglishmenNot Rebellion

• Republicanism
• Radical Whigs

Lord Bute Prime Minister
Americans did not believe in the idea of virtual
representation
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Proclamation of 1763
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The End of an Era The Beginning of a New

• King George III begins the era of Mercantilism
• Exploit the colonies
• Hoard gold and silver
• Leaves colonies short on currency gt printing
  currency
• 1764 Currency Act

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Sugar Act (1764)
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The Quartering Act

• March 1765
• Each colony must provide housing and supplies to
  British troops

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The Most Hated Stamp Act

• 1765 Revenue stamp must be on every document or
  printed materials (cards, etc).
• British citizens paying for years!

British Version Our version!
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Tar and Feathering
Response to the Stamp Act of 1765. Public
Punishment for the Excise Man, 1774. First direct
tax and most hated.
No Taxation without Representation!
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Stamp Act Congress, 1765
Tax Collector Loyalist

• Rights of Englishmen
• Allegiance to crown
• No taxation without representation
• Local representative Governments
• No property should be given to the Crown
• Trial by jury (Admiralty courts)
• Taxes are too high and unreasonable
• Money made from trade unfairly given to Crown.
• Need to enjoy all rights and liberties
• Right to petition the Crown
• Right to ask for repeal of taxes
• James Otis, June 8 , 1765

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Nonimportation Agreements

• First act of unity .
• ½ British trade was with colonies
• British merchants called for repeal of Stamp Act!

A March 18, 1766, cartoon titled, "The repeal or
the funeral of Miss Ame-stamp."
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Declaratory Act (1766)
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Townshend Acts, 1767
In 1769, at the height of his popularity and
influence, Otis was pulled from the public stage.
He had infuriated a Boston custom-house official
with a vicious newspaper attack the official
beat Otis on his head with a cane. For the
remainder of his life, Otis was subject to long
bouts of mental instability. He was unable to
participate in public affairs and spent most of
his time wandering through the streets of Boston,
enduring the taunts of a populace that had
quickly forgotten his contributions. Otis was
struck and killed by lightning in May 1783.

• Indirect tax on glass, tea, paint, paper. Etc.
• James Otis and Samuel Adams publish Massachusetts
  Circular Letter.

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Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania John
Dickinson

• At issue is the intent of the tax, not the tax
  itself. A tax to generate revenue without the
  consent of the governed is unconstitutional.

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The Boston Massacre (March 5,1770)
Engraving by Paul Revere
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The Boston Massacre (March 5,1770)
The three years that followed the Massacre, from
1770 to 1772 passed rather quietly without any
major confrontation between the British and the
colonists, this lithograph was published in 1856.
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The Gaspee Incident (1772)
Providence, RI coast
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Committees of Correspondence
Purpose ? warn neighboring colonies
about incidents with Br. ? broaden the
resistance movement, 1772
Would become the first Congress
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Tea Act (1773)

• British East India Co.
• Monopoly on Br. tea imports.
• Many members of Parl. held shares.
• Permitted the Co. to sell tea directly to cols.
  without col. middlemen (cheaper tea!)
• North expected the cols. to eagerly choose the
  cheaper tea.

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Boston Tea Party (1773)
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The Quebec Act (1774)
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The Coercive or IntolerableActs (1774)
1. Port Bill
2. Government Act
3. New Quartering Act
Lord North
4. Administration of Justice Act
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First Continental Congress (1774)
55 delegates from 12 colonies
Agenda ? How to respond to the Coercive Acts
the Quebec Act?
1 vote per colony represented.
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Continental Congress

• Carpenters Hall - Philadelphia
• Galloway's plan of union-urged creation of an
  American parliament to act in concert with the
  existing British body.
• Each was to have veto power over the other's
  actions.
• Suffolk Resolves A set of resolutions from
  Massachusetts wanting secession from British
  Empire. (Brought in by Paul Revere)
• Declaration of Rights and Grievances October
  14, 1774

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The British Are Coming . . .
Paul Revere William Dawes make their midnight
ride to warn the Minutemen of approaching British
soldiers.
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The Shot Heard Round the World!
Lexington Concord April 18,1775
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The Second Continental Congress(1775)
Olive Branch Petition
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Grievances of the Colonists

• You are a colonist in the 1770s and have been
  keeping abreast of the situation between Mother
  England and her colonies you have been
  politically active in your local assembly and
  have been asked to help compile a list of
  grievances against the Crown.
• List 5 grievances
• Provide an example of each, along with
  justification
• Rank your grievances from 1-5
• Present your findings to your fellow Colonists.

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Was the American Revolution Inevitable??
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Thomas Paine Common Sense
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Thomas Paine Common Sense
Thomas Paine in January of 1776 Placing blame
for the suffering of the colonies directly on the
reigning British monarch, George III. Advocated
an immediate declaration of independence Special
moral obligation of America to the rest of the
world
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Declaration of Independence (1776)
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Independence Hall
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New National Symbols