Writing a Summary

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Writing a Summary
Your First Chance
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Just checking..

• Who Blue Oyster Cult and Bruce Dickinson, also
  highlighting Gene Frenkle and his cowbell.
• What Recording Dont Fear the Reaper cow
  bell highlight
• Where Sunshine Studios
• When August, 1976
• Why Addition of cow bell disrupts the band,
  creates a minor rift yet they are able to come
  together in the end
• How With the assistance of THE Bruce Dickinson,
  the band is able to come together

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How To Write A Summary

• ENG 101

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1. Read the passage carefully.

• Determine its structure.
• Identify the authors purpose in writing. (This
  will help you to distinguish between more
  important and less important details.)

Label above the title of the article.
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2. Reread, label and underline

• This time divide the passage into sections or
  stages of thought (the authors use of
  paragraphing will often be a useful guide.)
• Label, on the passage itself, each section or
  stage of thought.
• Underline/highlight key ideas and terms.

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3. Write one-sentence summary.

• Be sure you include each stage of thought.

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4. Write a thesis a one sentence summary of the
entire passage.

• The thesis should express the central idea of the
  passage, as you have determined it from the
  preceding steps.
• Note in some cases a suitable thesis may
  already be in the original passage, if so, you
  may want to quote that!

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5. Write the first draft of your summary

• Combine the thesis with the one-sentence
  summaries plus significant details from the
  passage.
• Eliminate repetition. Eliminate less important
  information. Disregard minor details, or
  generalize them. Use as few words as possible to
  convey the main ideas.

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6. Check your summary against the original
passage.

• Make whatever adjustments are necessary for
  accuracy and completeness.

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7. Revise your summary.

• Insert transitional words and phrases where
  necessary to ensure coherence.
• Check for style
• You will want to ensure that you include who,
  what, where, when, why, and how
• Avoid series of short, choppy sentences
• Combine sentences for a smooth, logical flow of
  ideas
• Check for grammatical correctness, punctuation
  and spelling

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Finished? Hold on to your summary! We are going
to add to it!
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(No Transcript)
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Summarizing, Paraphrasing and Quoting
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• First
• When do we quote?
• When do we paraphrase?
• When do we summarize?

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So, what is the difference?

• These three ways of incorporating other writers'
  work into your own writing differ according to
  the closeness of your writing to the source
  writing.
• Quotations must be identical to the original,
  using a narrow segment of the source. They must
  match the source document word for word and must
  be attributed to the original author.
• Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from
  source material into your own words. A paraphrase
  must also be attributed to the original source.
  Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the
  original passage, taking a somewhat broader
  segment of the source and condensing it slightly.
• Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s)
  into your own words, including only the main
  point(s). Once again, it is necessary to
  attribute summarized ideas to the original
  source. Summaries are significantly shorter than
  the original and take a broad overview of the
  source material.

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When do we quote?

• As a review, writers use quotes sparingly and
  only with the following rules
• When language is especially vivid or expressive.
• When exact wording is needed for technical
  accuracy.
• When the words of an important authority lend
  weight to an argument.
• Highlighting necessary bias or opposite opinions.

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What is a paraphrase?

• Paraphrasing is when we borrow ideas, language,
  or phrases from another persons text we write
  these using our own language and sentence
  patterns.

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What is a paraphrase?

• Paraphrasing a text (such as a movie, an article,
  a book chapter, or a song) helps the reader grasp
  the important parts without having to read the
  source.
• The writer is an expert in the content of that
  one source, and she talks the research to her
  reader.

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• Take a minute and talk to the person next
• to you about the questions below. Do not
• answer with I dont know instead, talk
• about what you think a writer does. Its
• good to start with what we already know or
• assume
• When do we paraphrase?
• How do we paraphrase?
• Can we switch words around?
• How do we cite our paraphrases?
• How is paraphrase different than quote?

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Here are some INCORRECT ASSUMPTIONS writers have
had about paraphrasing. Compare your answer from
your quick chat with what we have here

• If we switch words around we are O.K.. NO
• If somebody did not say it, then they are my
  words. NO
• I have learned about the topic somewhere else I
  dont need to cite it. NO
• This comes from my own expertise. NO
• I dont know what the article is about, but I
  switched the words around in this one part they
  are my words. NO
• I dont think we have to cite a paraphrase. We
  only cite quotes. NO

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Why do we paraphrase?

• Paraphrasing allows the reader to trust the
  writer. We walk away from our reading informed,
  and we have confidence in the researcher because
  s/he knows her source materials.
• It is better than quoting information from an
  undistinguished passage.
• It helps you control the temptation to quote too
  much.
• The mental process required for successful
  paraphrasing helps you to grasp the full meaning
  of the original.

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Why do we paraphrase?

• Paraphrase are used more than summaries and
  quotes because
• Paraphrases give more detail than summary and
  allows more insight.
• Paraphrases prevent overreliance on quoting and
  shows an authors careful consideration of the
  particular source.
• You ONLY quote in very specific instances!
• Remember Your words should always be driving the
  work!

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When it comes to paraphrases keep in mind . . .

• 1. Use only important information.
• 2. Paraphrasing is better than quoting too much.
• 3. We must use our own voice and words.

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Three paraphrasing rules

• 1. We are allowed to use common terms, such as
  the authors name or topic. No quotation marks
  are necessary when we use these.
• 2. If we borrow any key words, we must put them
  in quotations.
• We must box in the source by introducing source
  first and then citing at the end.

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Mirroring The Most Common Paraphrasing Problem

• Mirroring occurs when the writer imitates the
  original sentence patterns and voice. Some
  writers have learned that as long as they replace
  the original text with their own language, then
  all is well. But, they are mistaken!
• When we paraphrase we are putting someone elses
  information in our own sentence patterns. Not
  only must the wording be different, but the
  rhythm and pattern must also be our own.
• We think that we are paraphrasing when we are
  rearranging our sources sentences while we keep
  their original sentence patterns, BUT WE ARE NOT.
  

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Consider this

• Original
• Ask not what your country can do for you. But
  ask what you can do for your country.
• Incorrect Paraphrase
• Dont ask what your nation can give you instead,
  consider what you are willing to do for your
  country.
• Notice the rhythm, the sentence pattern, and the
  sound are exactly the same.
• Notice also, although there are some word
  changes, the second example only mimics the
  firstit does NOT paraphrase the first.
• Correct Paraphrase
• John Kennedys introduction stresses the
  importance of citizens becoming civically engaged
  in their countrys affairs.

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So, in the end . . .
Quotation Marks? Needs Parenthetical Documentation? How often should I use it?
Summarizing No Sometimes As Needed
Paraphrasing No Yes More
Quoting Yes Yes Less

• Use a summary to describe the main points of an
  information source.
• Use paraphrasing to put the thoughts of the
  author into your own words.
• Use quotation marks if you are copying word for
  word.

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• Take out a blank piece of notebook paper and fold
  it in half!

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• For practice Do you believe reality television
  has lowered the standards for television and
  society as a whole?
• Thesis (first sentence)
• One solid paragraph
• Write a short quote with an ellipses depicting a
  small omission responding to the prompt.
• Write a long quote with an ellipses depicting a
  large omission responding to the quote.
• 1 paraphrase
• 1 summary
• 3 lesson 2 vocab words
• (write neatly!)

On the right side label all of your elements,
identify the purpose of each of your quotes
which of the four options are you utilizing? Also
write down on the right the definitions for the
lesson 2 vocab words.