Objective: To examine the major battles from 1942

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Objective To examine the major battles from
1942 1944.
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A Time of Peril
Germany Germany had conquered most of Europe
and invaded the Soviet Union in 1941.
The Soviets retreated as the Germans advanced
on Moscow, burning crops and farm equipment as
they went in order to keep them out of German
hands.
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Operation BarbarossaHitlers Biggest Mistake
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Operation Barbarossa The German Invasion of
Russia

• Hitler believed the Russian Army could be
  destroyed in 3 months
• 22 June 1941 - Hitler attacked (wanted to win
  before U.S. involvement)
• Initial German aims were to capture Russian oil
  fields and industrial areas in order to
• Support Germanys war in the west
• Break Russian economic power so she could not
  attack at some later date

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Russian strategy

• Barter space for time intended retreats
• Scorched earth policy withdrew and forced the
  Germans to overextend their lines of
  communications and supply. Forced Hitlers
  exposed army to spend the winter in -40 degree
  weather
• Partisan organizations were to prey on Germanys
  lines of communications

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German- Offensive Halted

• Supply lines were so long that they slowed the
  advance
• Vast area which had been taken was hard to
  control because of Partisan activity
• The massive size of Russia exhausted German
  troops
• The Russian winter set in and the Germans did not
  have adequate equipment to fight a winter battle

Video- 20th Cent. Battlefields Stalingrad
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Stalingrad

• When?
• August 1942
• Where?
• Stalingrad, Soviet Union
• Results
• After months of brutal warfare, the Russians wore
  down the German army
• Importance
• Soviets start to push Germans back. Millions die
  and a city is destroyed

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• During the German siege of Leningrad, over one
  million Soviets were killed.

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More than half a million victims are buried at
the Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery.
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• Battle of El Alamein
• When? October 1942
• Where? - El Alamein, Egypt
• Results? British and U.S. forces drove the
  German army, led by General Rommel, from Egypt
  west into Tunisia.
• Importance? U.S. Gen. Eisenhower led the Allies
  in an invasion of Tunisia, from Algeria, forcing
  Rommel to surrender in May of 1943.

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Animated Map North Africa
Australian soldiers at the Battle of El Alamein
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• In 1943, the Allies invaded Italy from North
  Africa, eventually liberating Rome from Nazi
  control in June of 1944.

Allied advance in El Guettar, Tunisia, North
Africa, 3/21/43.
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Opening a Second Front
Help!! Attack the Nazis on the Western Front,
quick!

• In order to ease pressure on the Soviet Union,
  Joseph Stalin asked the Allies to open a second
  front by crossing the English Channel and
  attacking the Germans in France.

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Alright, but youd better appreciate this!

• The planned invasion of Europe was called
  Operation Overlord, and General Eisenhower was
  named commander of the Allied forces in Europe.

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• Eisenhower had to organize the eventual invasion
  of Normandy France, known as D-Day, which
  involved over 3 million Allied forces.

General Eisenhower gives the order of the day
"Full victory - Nothing else" to paratroopers in
England just before they board airplanes in the
first D-Day assault.
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• D-Day
• When? June 6, 1944
• Where? Normandy, France
• Results? A fleet of 4,000 ships carried Allied
  troops to Normandy in order to invade France in
  an attempt to defeat the Germans.
• Importance? On August 25, 1944, Allied forces
  liberated Paris from Nazi rule.Turning point for
  the Western Front.

Animated Map D-Day
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World War II in Color D-Day
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Medics help an injured American soldier.
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American soldiers wading through water into Nazi
machine-gun fire on the coast of France.
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At Utah Beach, members of an American landing
party help others whose landing craft was sunk by
the Germans off the coast of France. The
survivors reached Utah Beach, near Cherbourg, by
using a life raft.
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American assault troops of the 16th Infantry
Regiment, injured while storming Omaha Beach,
wait by the Chalk Cliffs for evacuation to a
field hospital for further medical treatment.
Collville-sur-Mer, Normandy.
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Crossed rifles in the sand placed as a tribute to
this fallen soldier.
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The Battle of the BulgeHitlers Last Offensive
Dec. 16, 1944toJan. 28, 1945
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• Battle of the Bulge
• When? December 16, 1944
• Where? border areas near Luxembourg, France and
  Germany
• Results? The Germans began a counterattack
  against the Allies as the Allies attempted to
  drive the Germans completely out of France.
• Importance? This battle showed the desperation
  of the German forces. While the Germans were able
  to slow down the Allied advance, they could not
  stop it completely.Last offensive battle for
  Germany.
• Battle of the Bulge Video Clip

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Death of Hitler Video
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• The Tide Turns
• The Allies enjoyed victories in the Pacific,
  North Africa, Italy and Russia.
• In Italy, Mussolini had been overthrown and the
  new government joined the Allies.

April 29, 1945 Mussolini and 15 other fascist
leaders are executed and hanged at an Esso gas
station in the Piazzale Loreto in Milan.
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• Japan
• After attacking Pearl Harbor, the Japanese
  seized Guam, Wake Island, Hong Kong, Malaya,
  Burma and the Dutch East Indies.

• The Japanese also defeated American and Filipino
  forces, led by U.S. General Douglas MacArthur, in
  the Philippines.

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U.S. troops surrender to the Japanese in the
Philippine Islands, May 6, 1942. A total of
11,500 Americans and Filipinos became POWs.
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Bataan Death March

• Japan took over the Philippines, which were
  controlled by the US
• They surrounded and captured 75,000 American
  soldiers on the Bataan Peninsula

Video- Ghosts of Bataan
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Cruel Treatment

• The Japanese soldiers marched the prisoners to a
  POW camp
• The American soldiers were forced to march 70
  miles, injured, with almost no food or water
• Anyone who became too weak was killed

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World War II Major Battles (1942 1944)Battle
of Coral Sea

• When?
• May 1942
• Where?
• Coral Sea (Pacific)
• Results
• Japanese advancing towards Australia. Battle of
  Naval ships and planes. Japanese halted.
• Importance
• Battleships never came within shooting distance
  of each other. Aerial battle only.

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World War II Major Battles (1942 1944)
When? June
1942 Where? Midway Island (Pacific
Islands) Results? - The U.S. sank four Japanese
aircraft carriers. Importance? It limited
Japan's ability to attack Hawaii again or other
Allied positions.Turning point in the Pacific.
Battle of Midway Island
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• Campaign for Guadalcanal
• When? August 1942
• Where? Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands (Pacific
  Islands)
• Results? The U.S. defeated the Japanese,
  gaining control of the island.
• Importance? Guadalcanal became a military base
  from which to counterattack the Japanese.

Video Dogfight over Guadalcanal
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Iwo Jima

• When?
• February 1945
• US forces landed on Iwo Jima, 750 miles south of
  Tokyo. The landings were heavily opposed by the
  Japanese, who fought to the death. The Japanese
  had dug hundreds of tunnels from which to attack.
  Nevertheless, the US Marines overwhelmed the
  defenders in a very hard fought battle that
  lasted for almost 30 days. It was one of the most
  bloody battles of the war.

Ira Hayes
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Ballad of Ira HayesJohnny Cash

• CHORUS Call him drunken Ira Hayes He won't
  answer anymore Not the whiskey drinkin' Indian
  Nor the Marine that went to war Gather round
  me people there's a story I would tell About a
  brave young Indian you should remember well From
  the land of the Pima Indian A proud and noble
  band Who farmed the Phoenix valley in Arizona
  land Down the ditches for a thousand years The
  water grew Ira's peoples' crops 'Till the white
  man stole the water rights And the sparklin'
  water stopped Now Ira's folks were hungry And
  their land grew crops of weeds When war came,
  Ira volunteered And forgot the white man's greed
  

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• CHORUS Call him drunken Ira Hayes He won't
  answer anymore Not the whiskey drinkin' Indian
  Nor the Marine that went to war There they
  battled up Iwo Jima's hill, Two hundred and
  fifty men But only twenty-seven lived to walk
  back down again And when the fight was over
  And when Old Glory raised Among the men who
  held it high Was the Indian, Ira Hayes CHORUS
  Call him drunken Ira Hayes He won't answer
  anymore Not the whiskey drinkin' Indian Nor the
  Marine that went to war Ira Hayes returned a
  hero Celebrated through the land He was wined
  and speeched and honored Everybody shook his
  hand But he was just a Pima Indian No water,
  no home, no chance At home nobody cared what
  Ira'd done And when did the Indians dance

• CHORUS Call him drunken Ira Hayes He won't
  answer anymore Not the whiskey drinkin' Indian
  Nor the Marine that went to war Then Ira
  started drinkin' hard Jail was often his home
  They'd let him raise the flag and lower it like
  you'd throw a dog a bone! He died drunk early
  one mornin' Alone in the land he fought to save
  Two inches of water in a lonely ditch Was a
  grave for Ira Hayes CHORUS Call him drunken
  Ira Hayes He won't answer anymore Not the
  whiskey drinkin' Indian Nor the Marine that went
  to war Yeah, call him drunken Ira Hayes But
  his land is just as dry And his ghost is lyin'
  thirsty In the ditch where Ira died

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Victory was never in doubtWhat was in doubt, in
all our minds, was whether there would be any of
us left to dedicate our cemetery at the end, or
whether the last Marine would die knocking out
the last Japanese gun and gunner. Let the world
count our crosses. MajGen Graves Erskine, CG 3d
Marine Division, following the Battle for Iwo
Jima What platoon are you guys? Platoon, hell!
Were the 2nd Battalion, 22d Marines, whats left
of us anyway. Exchange between Marines following
the Battle for Sugarloaf Hill on Okinawa, May 1945
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Okinawa

• When? April 1945
• American forces landed on the island of Okinawa.
  The Japanese changed their tactics and, instead
  of opposing US troops at the beaches, put up
  their defense away inland. At the same time,
  Japanese aircraft and ships made Kamakazi attacks
  on the US fleet. The attacks exacted a heavy
  price over 7,000 US serviceman and 100,000
  Japanese were killed on Okinawa.