A country in peril: domestic and global energy demand

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A country in perildomestic and global energy
demand threat to the environment

• Fabby Tumiwa
• Institute for Essential Services Reform
• Indonesia

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Indonesia (de)Forest(ation)
Sumber SDSU Dephut- MODIS Images, 2007

• Forest Cover 162 mil ha (1950) ? 94 mil (2003)
• Destructive Forest 42 mil ha (2003)
• People live in forest 48 mil
• Deforestation and forest degradation rate
  1.1-2.6 mil ha/ year

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What is the causes?

• Population 97 mil (1961), 215 mil (2003)
• Infrastructure development
• Land use change agriculture, plantation, mining
• Land clearing
• Illegal logging

4
Coal Resources
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Coal Production Target

• Coal production target
• 2010 240 - 260 million ton
• 2015 280 - 300 million ton
• 2020 320 - 350 million ton
• 2025 370 million ton
• Driver
• Domestic demand growth 9,17 mil ton/yr
• Domestic demand in 2020 170 mil ton
• Domestic demand in 2025 220 mil ton
• International demand growth 3,8 mil ton/yr

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Coal Production and Consumption
Source APBI-ICMA
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(No Transcript)
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Agrofuel

• 70 of the oil palm plantations were planted on
  land that formally fell within Indonesias forest
  estate between 1982 and 1999. This totaled close
  to 2.2 million ha of forest land
• fragmentation of high conservation value forests
  (HCVF)
• loss of forest ecological functions and
  socioeconomic benefits for local people.

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Demand for Agrofuels

• Increased global demand for palm oil to be used
  for bio-fuels
• EU (European Union) target of 5.75 of energy
  from renewable sources by 2012
• US (United States) administration has pledged to
  increase the use of renewable fuels from 7.5
  billion gallons in 2012 to 35 billion gallons in
  2017
• Government of Indonesia has promoted a plan to
  use oil palm based biodiesel to reduce dependency
  on fossil fuels by 10 for 2010 and 25 by 2025

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Mega Oil Palm Project

• Change in mega plan (1.8 million ha new
  plantation) at the border of Kalimantan (Heart of
  Borneo eco-region)

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Conclusion

• Indonesia environment is in peril due to
  increasing fossil and agrofuel demand from
  domestic and the world, which is unsustainable.
• This pattern must be changed, driver of
  ecological destruction must be addressed both in
  domestic and international level.

World Energy Demand Scenario (Reff) Source IEA
WEO 2008