Communication

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Communication

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Communication

• According to Crusty, communication is the
  process of making, keeping, and changing
  relationships with others.
• Occurs when you send and/or receive a message and
  when you assign meaning to such message

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Interpersonal Communication

• Communication that happens between or among
  people is interpersonal
• People also constantly communicate with
  themselves, but that is intrapersonal.

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Verbal

• Communication that comes from written and spoken
  symbols.
• Basically, verbal communication refers only to
  the words that are spoken and their literal,
  dictionary definitions.

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Nonverbal

• Communication that goes beyond the words that are
  said
• This can involve physical things gestures,
  facial expressions, movements, etc.
• However, it can also involve vocal aspects such
  as inflection, volume, etc.
• Examples Tshirts, gestures, facial expressions,
  proximity to someone, wearing jewelry, touching
  someone

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Components of Communication

1. Message
2. Channel
3. Receiver
4. Sender
5. Interference
6. Situation

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Message

• whatever a speaker communicates to someone else
• GOAL of a message is that the INTENDED message
  matches the ACTUAL message
• dependent upon verbal (what you say) and
  nonverbal (how you say it)

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Listener/Receiver

• person who receives communicated message
• filters messages through frame of reference
  (prior knowledge)
• frame of reference total of his or her
  knowledge, experience, goals, values, and
  attitudes everyones is different
• Listening involves
• receiving
• understanding
• remembering
• evaluating
• responding

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Speaker/Sender

• Sends out messages
• Can be verbal or nonverbal messages
• Can be aware and sometimes unaware of messages
  being sent out

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Theories of Communication
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Linear Model

• earliest theory speaker spoke and listener
  listened in isolation

Message
Speaker
Listener
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Interactional View

• speaker and listener seen as exchanging turns as
  speaker and listener response to what the other
  said
• still separate acts that didnt overlap

Speaker
Listener
Speaker
Listener
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Transactional Process

• simultaneous speaking and listening
• As one sends the message, he/she also receives
  from own communications and from reactions of the
  other person.

Message
Speaker/ Listener
Speaker/ Listener
Message
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Channel

• medium through which message signals pass (how
  the message is communicated)
• Examples telephone, e-mail, face to face, note,
  TV, radio, etc.

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Types of Channels

1. vocal-auditory what you speak and how you
   listen
2. visual gestures
3. chemical odors emitted smells
4. tactile anything that can be touched

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Situation

• the environment that influences the form and the
  content of communication
• sometimes so natural you ignore it
• sometimes it stands out and affects your
  communication

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Interference/Static

• anything that gets in the way of communication
• interferes with your receiving a message someone
  is sending or with him/her receiving the message

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Types of Interference

• Physical loud talking, honking horn, illegible
  handwriting, garbage on computer screen
• Physiological hearing or visual impairment,
  articulation disorder
• Psychological preconceived ideas, wandering
  thoughts
• Semantic misunderstood meanings

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Process of Interpersonal Communication
Situation
s i t u a t i o n
s i t u a t i o n
Sender/Receiver
Sender/Receiver
Interference/Static