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Learning%20Theories

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Title: Learning%20Theories


1
Learning Theories
  • Sarah Harris
  • EME 2040-5499

2
How Do We Learn?
  • Is learning a product of our behavior and
    acquisition of concepts, or is it the process
    that leads us to understanding?
  • There are many theories on how we learn and how
    we perceive and process information. It is a
    matter of determining styles and methods of
    instruction to best fit the learning process for
    maximum retention of knowledge.

3
Constructivism
  • Bruners theory emphasizes instruction based on
    the study of cognition and linked to child
    development research as well as social and
    cultural aspects of learning
  • Instructor must encourage learner to discover
    concepts on their own
  • Instruction must make the student ready and
    willing to learn through a connection in context
    with experience
  • Instruction must be structured to be easily
    grasped
  • Spiral organization of instruction for building
    knowledge
  • Instruction designed for exploration and going
    beyond the information presented
  • For more information visit Funderstanding
    Constructivism

4
Behaviorism
  • Learning is a function of a change in behavior
  • Behavior is a response of an individual to events
    or stimuli that occur in the environment
  • Skinners theory of operant conditioning aims to
    provide behavioral explanations for cognition
  • He also aims to explain motivation and response
    as well as discuss the issues of free will and
    social control
  • Reinforcement is the key element in Skinners
    theory
  • This element includes both positive and negative
    reinforcers as well as punishment and their
    effects on establishing and maintaining behavior
  • For more information visit Behaviorism

5
Behaviorism
  • Pavlovs theory of classical conditioning and
    reflex learning
  • Learning doesnt depend on us doing anything
  • An unconditioned stimulus resulting in an
    unconditioned response presented with a
    conditioned stimulus will eventually produce a
    conditioned response
  • Learning by association

6
Cognitivism
  • Our mind is composed of a sensory register,
    short-term memory, and long term memory
  • These memory stores register, process, store, and
    retrieve information
  • Miller proposed several theoretical ideas on
    information processing that would replace the
    stimulus-response idea of behaviorism
  • Chunk a meaningful unit of information (digits,
    words, faces, etc.) capacity of short-term
    memory is 5-9 chunks
  • Test-Operate-Test-Exit (TOTE) a goal is tested
    for achievement, an operation is performed in
    attempt, and test-operate is repeated until the
    goal is either achieved or abandoned
  • For more information visit The Information
    Processing Approach to Cognition

7
Contrasting the Theories
Constructivism Behaviorism Cognitivism
Active and Exploratory Learning Learners construct new ideas building on current and previous knowledge and experiences Learning in response to a stimulus Learner has no control Learning shaped by repetition and reinforcement Information Processing through memory stores Use of retention strategies
Interactive Learning Group Work/Projects Visualization of concept through hands-on-activities Simulation Open-ended Questions Dialogue Instructional Design Immediate Feedback Question and Answer Reinforcement Computer Assisted Instruction Symbolic Representations Lecture Direct Instruction Video, Visual Presentations
8
The information included in this presentation
provides a foundation for understanding the many
diverse learning theories that have been
developed and their importance in
education. Three learning theories have been
presented along with the basic concepts
concerning them. I have discussed the work done
by theorists in forming these views on learning
as well as how these theories can be incorporated
in the classroom with the use of technology.
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