Class: Aviation I (AVAT11001)

1
Introduction

• Class Aviation I (AVAT11001)
• Lecture Tuesdays B1/G.04 9am-11am
• Tutorial Thursdays B1/G.16 9am-11am
• Lecturer
• Name Ron Bishop
• Office Building 3/G.54
• Phone [phone]
• Email r.bishop_at_cqu.edu.au
• Please feel free to call, email, or stop by my
  office if your are confused about anything in the
  reading material or lecture notes

2
AVAT11001 Course Outline

1. Aircraft and Terminology
2. Radio Communications
3. Structure, Propulsion, Fuel Systems
4. Electrical, Hydraulic Systems and Instruments
5. Air Law
6. Aerodynamics Basics
7. Aerodynamics Performance
8. Human Factors
9. Meteorology
10. Loading
11. Take-off and Landing Performance
12. Navigation

3
Stuff to read

• Required Reading
• Basic Aeronautical Knowledge (BAK) Chapter 1, pp.
  1-30, Chapter 3, pp. 51-58
• Visual Flight Guide 2007 (VFG) INFO, pp. 189-209

4
Questions from the Reading

1. Why do the ailerons move in opposite directions?
2. Which way does the nose move when the control
   column is pressed forwards?
3. Name the 6 primary flight instruments
4. What do runway numbers indicate?
5. What is Zulu time?

5
Types of Aircraft

• There are many different types of aircraft
• Fixed Wing or Rotary Wing
• Powered or Glider
• Piston or Turbine
• Single or Multi-engine

6
Fixed Wing
Rotary Wing
What about these?
V-22 Osprey
F-111
7
Powered
Glider
Piston
Turbine
Single Engine
Multi-Engine
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Many of the principles we will discuss apply to
all types of aircraft. However, this class (all
the Aviation Theory Courses actually) will focus
on fixed wing, single engine, piston powered
aircraft.
9
Parts of the Aircraft

• See Figure 1-56 page 21
• Cabin
• Where passengers sit
• Cockpit
• Where the crew sits (pilot, co-pilot, navigator,
  etc)
• Engine
• Makes thrust (push forward)
• Wing
• Makes lift (push up)
• Wheels
• Lets you roll, ground operations
• Fuselage
• Centre section, main body
• Empennage
• Back end, vertical and horizontal stabilizers,
  tail assembly
• Control Surfaces (a.k.a. effectors)
• Moving bits that alter the airflow
• Antenna
• Communication is very important

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How does the aircraft fly?

• Pressure
• Specifically, aircraft fly by using air pressure
• Pressure is the amount of force divided by the
  area over which it acts
• P F/A
• If you multiply the pressure and the area over
  which it acts, and sum these up for the entire
  surface area of an object, you get the net
  resultant force acting on that object
• F SPA

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Static, Dynamic, Total
Air pressure is due to air molecules striking an
object
Static pressure is caused by random molecular
motion
Dynamic Pressure is caused by relative motion
between the air and the object
Total pressure is the sum of static and dynamic
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Forces on an aircraft

• Weight
• Gravity pulls the aircraft down
• Lift
• Wings are designed to create an air pressure
  distribution that results in a net force. The
  component of the net force that is perpendicular
  to the relative wind is called lift
• Thrust
• Pushes the aircraft forward. This generates
  speed and the relative airflow needed for the
  wings to generate lift
• Drag
• The component of the net resultant force that is
  parallel to the relative wind is called drag
• Side Force
• The component of the net resultant force that is
  perpendicular to lift and drag

lift
relative wind
thrust
drag
weight
13
Moments on the aircraft

• Moments are generated by forces that do not act
  through the centre of gravity
• Moments cause rotation
• Pitch
• Roll
• Yaw

Yaw
Roll
Pitch
14
Stability and Control

• Stability refers to the ability to maintain some
  desired condition without pilot input (i.e.
  steady straight and level). It is a function of
• The shape of the vehicle
• The location of the centre of gravity
• The flight condition
• Control refers to the ability to respond to pilot
  input to change from one desired condition to
  another. It is a function of
• The size and location of the control surfaces
• The rate and position limits of the control
  surfaces
• The flight condition

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How does a pilot fly?

• See Figure 1-59, page 22
• Cockpit inceptors
• Stuff you move to make things happen
• Cockpit instruments
• Stuff you look at for information
• Cockpit communications
• Talk to the rest of the world, or maybe just your
  passengers or co-pilot
• Aviate, navigate, communicate

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Terminology, its all Greek to me

• Important angles (Greek letters)
• Alpha, a
• Theta, q
• Gamma, g
• Beta, b
• Phi, f

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Various angles and what they mean

• Angle of attack, Alpha, a
• This is the angle between the chord line and the
  relative wind
• Pitch attitude angle, Theta, q
• This is the angle between the chord line and the
  horizon
• Flight path angle, Gamma, g
• This is the angle between the relative wind and
  the horizon
• a g q

chord line
chord line
q 5
a 8
horizon
relative wind
chord line
horizon
horizon
g -3
relative wind
relative wind
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More angles

• Angle of side slip, Beta, b
• This is the angle between the centre line and the
  relative wind
• Roll angle, Phi, f
• This is the angle between the wing and the horizon

b
f
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Talking the talk

• Abbrev.
• Aviation folks like their TLAs (Three Letter
  Acronyms)
• Pages 51 and 52
• Directions
• Heading, bearing and track (degrees)
• Relative position (clock code)
• Whats up?
• Altitude
• Elevation
• Height
• Time, when am I?
• UTC, GMT, Z
• Units
• Always know what units go with a particular
  number!
• http//www.onlineconversion.com/

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For next week

• Required Reading
• BAK Chapter 2, pp. 31-49
• Visual Flight Guide (VFG) COMMS, pp. 83-126