The%20Therapeutic%20Recreation%20Process

1
chapter 6

• The Therapeutic Recreation Process

Terry Long, PhD
2
Learning Outcomes

• Identify the four parts of the therapeutic
  recreation process
• Identify basic assessment methods and potential
  applications of each
• Identify critical considerations for planning
  therapeutic recreation programs
• Competently conduct activity analysis, task
  analysis, and activity modification
• Differentiate between comprehensive program
  planning, specific program planning, and client
  or session planning
• Identify planning and implementation
  considerations related to technical skills and
  counseling skills
• Identify and explain various aspects of briefing
  and debriefing therapeutic recreation-based
  experiences
• Identify techniques for and potential
  applications of client and program evaluation

3
Assessment

• Definition
• Purpose
• Methods
• Standardized assessments and interest inventories
• Common therapeutic recreation assessments
• Common treatment team assessments
• Interviewing
• Observation
• (continued)

4
Assessment (continued)

• Purpose
• Gather client information
• Determine overall program effectiveness
• Communicate with other professionals
• Meet requirements for assessment by
  administrators and external agencies
• CMS
• CARF
• JCAHO

5
Assessment Methods

• Review existing documents
• Standardized assessments
• Interviewing
• Observation

6
Existing Documents

• Intake assessment reports and other existing
  sources of information should be reviewed
• Reviewing this information
• Limits unnecessary questioning
• Limits repetition
• Is useful in preparing other assessment procedures

7
Standardized Assessments and Interest Inventories

• Examples of therapeutic recreation assessments
• Leisure diagnostics battery
• Leisure competence measure (LCM)
• Comprehensive evaluation for therapeutic
  recreation (CERT)
• Psych/R
• Physical disabilities
• General assessment systems
• Resident assessment inventoryminimum data set
  (RAIMDS)
• Inpatient rehabilitation facilitypatient
  assessment inventory (IRFPAI)

8
Interviewing

• Focus of the interview
• Preparation
• Progression of the interview
• Observing behavior during the interview

9
Observation

• Documents actual behavior
• Useful with non-cooperative clients
• Does not depend on clients communication skills
• Does not measure constructs such as mood,
  beliefs, attitudes, or intentions, only actual
  behavior

10
Planning

• Individualized program plan (IPP)
• Strengths
• Limitations
• Goals and objectives
• Placement of clients

11
Planning Goal Development

• Goals are general accomplishments that the client
  should achieve through participation in
  therapeutic recreation
• Objectives are measurable criteria for
  determining when a goal has been met
• Three elements of an objective
• Condition
• Behavior
• Criteria

12
Planning Other Considerations

• Activities must have direct relationship to
  client goals
• Activity characteristics can influence successful
  activity implementation
• Client should be able to place the activity in
  the context of therapeutic recreation goals
• Activities should be interesting and engaging
• (Stumbo and Peterson, 2004)

13
Tools for Planning

• Task analysis
• Activity analysis
• Activity plan
• Activity modification

14
Implementation

• Technical skills
• Facilitation skills
• Briefing
• Leading
• Debriefing
• Specific debriefing strategies
• What, so what, now what
• Five stages of questioning (Jacobson and Ruddy,
  2004)

15
Evaluation

• Client evaluation
• Program evaluation
• Evaluation tools
• Evaluation systems
• SMART goals
• Goal attainment scaling

16
Planning

• Multiple levels
• Assessment report
• Goal development
• Objectives
• Goals versus objectives
• Placement of clients
• Other considerations
• Tools for planning
• Activity plan

17
Implementation

• Comparison between therapeutic recreation and
  counseling
• Technical skills
• Facilitation skills
• Leading
• Debriefing, or processing (table 6.1)

18
Evaluation

• Client evaluation
• Program evaluation
• Specific program (see table 6.2 for example)
• Overall comprehensive program
• Internal
• External
• Evaluation tools
• Evaluation systems
• Goal attainment scaling
• SMART goals (figure 6.2)

19
Discussion Questions

• What pros and cons do you see regarding each of
  the assessment methods presented in this chapter
  (interviewing, observation, standardized
  assessments)?
• Discuss the relationship between assessment and
  planning. What does it mean to target a
  particular outcome, and how are these outcomes
  identified or established?
• How can task analysis assist a therapeutic
  recreation specialist in determining appropriate
  sequencing for an activity? Perform a task
  analysis of a recreation-related behavior and
  give an example of how the activity could be
  sequenced for a particular client group.
• (continued)

20
Discussion Questions (continued)

• How does sequencing relate to the two debriefing
  strategies presented in this chapter? What might
  happen if a therapeutic recreation specialist
  skipped stage 1 of either approach? What might
  happen if the specialist failed to proceed past
  stage 1 of either approach?
• What is the difference between assessment and
  evaluation? What similarities do you see? How is
  writing goals and objectives related to these two
  aspects of the therapeutic recreation process?