The Skeletal System

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The Skeletal System

• Support Systems
• Unit 2

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Medical Terminology

• Sub- beneath or under
• Inter- between
• -malacia softening
• - al /-ic - pertaining to
• -genesis origin or production
• -poiesis - production

• Cost/o- rib
• Chondr/o- cartiledge
• Crani/o skull
• Thorac/o thorax
• Hemat/o- blood
• Cepahl/o- head
• Cervic/o neck
• Osteo bone
• Vertebra- vertebrae

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Abbreviations

• CT computerized tomography
• PT patient
• FX - fracture

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The Basic Functions of the Skeletal System

• Hematopoiesis
• Structure
• Support
• Muscle Attachment and Movement
• Mineral Storage

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Axial vs. Appendicular

• The Axial Skeleton
• Contains the bones that are along the long axis
  of the body, or the bones of the head and trunk
• The Appendicular Skeleton
• Contains the bones of the extremities (or
  appendages)
• Includes the pectoral girdles, pelvic girdles,
  and the bones of the arms and legs

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Bones of the Cranium

• Frontal
• Parietal
• Occipital
• Temporal
• Maxillae
• Mandible

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Frontal Bone

• Forms the forehead
• Forms the roof of the eye sockets

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Parietal Bones

• Consists of two bones
• Forms the sides and roof of the cranial cavity

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Temporal Bones

• Consists of two bones
• Forms the lower sides of the cranium and part of
  the cranial floor

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Occipital Bone

• The base of the cranial cavity
• Prominent posterior portion

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Maxillae

• The upper jaw

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Mandible

• Lower jaw bone

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The Vertebral Column

• Composed of 33 bones
• Encloses and protects the spinal cord
• Supports the head

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Bones of the Vertebral Column

• Cervical Vertebrae7 bones located in the neck
• Thoracic Vertebrae12 bones connected to the ribs
• Lumbar Vertebrae5 bones in the lower back
• Sacral Vertebrae5 pelvic bones
• Coccygeal Vertebrae4 tailbones

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Vertebral Curvatures
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Bones of the Thoracic Cavity

• Sternum
• Xiphoid Process
• Ribs

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Bones of the Upper Extremities

• Humerus
• Radius
• Ulna
• Carpals
• Metacarpals
• Phalanges

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Bones of the Pelvis

• Ilium
• Ischium
• Pubis
• Together these three bones are fused and are
  called the os coxae
• The fused os coxae articulate with the sacrum

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Bones of the Lower Extremities

• Femur
• Patella
• Tibia
• Fibula
• Tarsals
• Metatarsals
• Phalanges

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Joints

• Where two bones articulate
• The points of contact between bones
• Hinge Joints
• Gliding Joints
• Ball and Socket Joints

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Hinge Joints

• Allows for extension and flexion

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Gliding Joints

• Bones slide past each other

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Ball and Socket Joints

• Allows for rotational movement in almost any
  direction

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Disease and Disorders

• Fractures
• Scoliosis
• Kyphosis
• Lordosis
• Osteoarthritis

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Fractures

• Types of fractures
• Closed or simple fracture
• The bone is broken and the skin is intact
• Open or compound fracture
• The bone is broken and the skin is cut by the
  bone

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Scoliosis

• Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

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Kyphosis and Lordosis

• Kyphosis- abnormally enlarged thoracic curve
  (humpback)
• Lordosis- abnormally enlarged lumbar curve
  (swayback)

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Osteoarthritis

• Arthritis that is caused by the breakdown and
  loss of cartilage in the joints

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Careers

• Radiologist
• Radiology Technician
• Chiropractor
• Physical Therapist
• Physical Therapy Assistant
• Physical Therapy Aide

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Radiologist

• Medical doctors who have specialized in radiology
  during their internship and residency.
• College (4 years), Med school (3 or 4 years), and
  then internship/residency (3 - 5 years). So
  that's 10 to 13 years after high school
• Directs medical imaging technologist to diagnose
  and treat diseases and disorders
• Reads x-rays, MRI, CT scans
• Average 300, 000
• Radiologist video

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Radiology Technician

• Specialize in diagnostic imaging
• Take x-rays, MRI, CT, Nuclear Medicine and
  Ultrasonography
• Associate degree for x-ray certification
• Bachelors degree for further specialization
• MRI, CT, Nuclear Med and Ultrasound
• Average salary 30-35,000
• A Day in the Life - Radiological Technician -
  YouTube

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Chiropractor

• Diagnoses and treats mechanical disorders of the
  spine and musculoskeletal system
• Provide natural, drug less, non surgical
  treatments like adjustments and joint alignments
• Earn Doctorate of Chiropractic 8 years
• Average Salary- 65,000-100,000
• youniversity chiropractor

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Physical Therapist

• Help restore function, improve mobility, relieve
  pain and prevent or limit permanent physical
  disabilities of patients suffering from injuries
  or diseases
• Masters degree (6years)
• Salary 60- 85,000
• Physical Therapy (long but good)

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Physical Therapy Assistant

• Works under direction and supervision of a
  physical therapist
• Perform exercises, massages, electric
  stimulation, hot and cold packs, traction and
  ultrasound to patients
• Complete Physical Therapy Assistant Program 2
  years- Associates degree
• Salary- 35-55,000

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Physical Therapy Aide

• Under close supervision of a physical therapist
  or physical therapy assistant
• Perform only delegated, selected, or routine
  tasks in specific situations. These duties
  include preparing the patient and the treatment
  area.
• On the job training
• Salary- 8-15 per hour

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Vocabulary- Word Parts

• Costo- rib
• Chondro- cartilage
• Cranio- skull or cranium
• Thoraco- chest or chest wall
• Hemato- blood
• Cephal- cranial or head
• Cervico- neck, neck of an organ
• Arthro- joint
• Osteo- bone
• Vertebro- vertebra

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Vocabulary- word parts

• Inter- between
• intercostal (between the ribs)
• Sub- under, beneath, less than
• Sublingual (under the tongue)
• -poiesis formation or production of
• Hematopoiesis (production of blood)
• -malacia softening of tissue
• Osteomalacic (softening of bone)
• -al relating to
• Vertebral (relating to the vertebrae)

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Vocabulary- word parts

• -genesis generation, reproduction
• Osteogenesis (generation of bone cells)
• -tomy cutting into, incision
• Craniotomy (cutting into the skull)
• -ectomy excision, removal of
• Appendectomy (removal of the appendix)
• -ic characteristic of, relating to
• Thoracic (relating to the chest)

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Vocabulary

• Thoracic pertaining to the chest or thorax
• Cranium the portion of the skull that
  encloses the brain
• Extremities the arms and legs
• X-ray type of diagnostic imaging
• Hematopoieses production of blood cells
• Vertebrae any of the 33 bones of the spinal
  column