The Moon

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CHAPTER 24

• The Moon

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Theory of The Origin of the Moon

• Approx. 4.6 billion years ago Earth collided with
  an object the size of Mars. It is believed that
  Earth had a hard crust, but the inside was molten
  rock (still liquid). This collision caused a
  large mass of liquid rock to be thrown into
  space. It cooled and hardened into what we know
  as the moon. (THEORY BACKED UP BY EVIDENCE BUT
  NOT A FACT)
• Since the moon has no atmosphere to protect it
  from debris floating in space, its surface is
  covered with impact craters

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50 miles
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MOON MOTIONS

• revolves around Earth in an elliptical orbit that
  it completes in 27? days
• Since the orbit is elliptical, the moon is at
  times closest to Earth (perigee), and at other
  times farthest from Earth (apogee)
• The moon rises in the east and sets in the west,
  just like the sun (remember, this is caused by
  Earths rotation)

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Perigee 356,410 km
Apogee 406,700 km
Disclaimer this picture is NOT to scale!!!
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Perigee
Apogee
Link to 12 full moons animation
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PHASES OF THE MOON

• beginning phase is called NEW MOON
• During this phase the moons surface is not
  visible
• The moons surface will then appear to become
  more visible each night until the FULL MOON phase
  
• During this time when the surface becomes more
  visible, the moon is said to be WAXING
• Once the full moon is reached, the moons surface
  will get less visible each night until the new
  moon phase is again reached
• During this time when the surface becomes less
  visible, the moon is said to be WANING
• (think like the Karate Kidwax on, wane off)

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PHASES

• Important, the moon gets lighter from right to
  left, and gets darker from right to left
• Go outside at night and practice determining if
  the moon is waxing or waning!
• The time it takes the moon to go from one new
  moon phase to the next new moon phase is called a
  lunar month. This takes 29½ days

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Suns Rays
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Phases of the Moon from New Moon back to New Moon
One Lunar Cycle
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Blue Moon
A blue moon is when there are 2 full moons in one
calendar month. The moon isnt actually blue
though! Question 1 Which month can NEVER have a
Blue Moon?Question 2 What is the maximum
number of Full Moons that can occur in one year?
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ECLIPSES
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• Lunar eclipse this occurs when the moon passes
  through Earths shadow cast into space. The moon
  is blocked from view.
• Luna is Eclipsed (blocked from our site)

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• Solar eclipse this occurs when the moon passes
  between the sun and Earth. The moons shadow is
  cast onto Earths surface. The sun is blocked
  from view.
• Sol is eclipsed (blocked from our site)

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Total Lunar Eclipse 3/03/07
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TIDES

• The rising and falling of the levels of water
  caused by the pull of mostly the moons and, to
  some extent, the suns gravity on the water of
  the Earth.
• On average, many locations receive two high and
  two low tides each day (approx. six hours apart)

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• Spring tides are when the high tides are
  especially high, and the low tides are especially
  low (it has nothing to do with the Season of
  Spring!!!)
• This occurs during the new moon and full moon
  phases, because the pull of the moons and suns
  gravity are working together
• They work together because they are in alignment
  with one another.

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Sun, Moon and Earth in alignment. Moons and
Suns gravity pulls working together
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Benedictine Abbey Bay of Fundy (Nova Scotia,
Canada) founded in 708, highest tidal range in
the world!
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Same Abbey _at_ High Tide Man-made causeway added
in 1992
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• Neap tides are when the high tides are not very
  high, and the low tides are not very low (small
  tidal range)
• this happens twice a month during the waxing
  quarter and waning quarter, because the suns
  gravity is working against the moons gravity.

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Sun, Moon and Earth NOT in alignment. Moons and
Suns gravity pulls working against one another