The Maharaja of Pannah

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The British in India
Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS
Chappaqua, NY
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The World in 1600
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The British East India Company 1600 - 1857
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British East India Company Agents
1-E
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Coins of the British East India Co.
1719 coin 1804 coin
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Coffee House in British India
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Sepoy soldiers
1-F
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Sir Robert Clive
1-G
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Battle of Plassey 1757
1-H
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Why wasBritainso successfulin Indiaby the
endof the 18c??
1-I
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India in mid-18c
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British Soldiers in India,
1830s
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Outlawing Suttee (sati)
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Fighting the Thuggees
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British Opium Warehouse in
Patna, India
Selling Patna Opium in China
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Lord Dalhousie
r. 1848 - 1856
1-L
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India 18c-early 19c
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The Sepoy Mutiny 1857
2-A
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Areas of the Sepoy Mutiny,
1857
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The Seige of Lucknow
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Execution of SepoysThe Devils Wind
2-B
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The Raj "Jewel in the Crown" of the British
Empire
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1876 Queen Victoria Becomes
Empress of India
2-D
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Queen Victoria in India
PAX BRITANNICA
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Queen Victoria Receiving the Crown of India
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Sikhs Bengal Cavalry of the British Army
2-E
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15th Ludhiana Sikhs, 1889
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Assorted British Soldiers, 1890s
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British Colonial Life During the Raj
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Bengal Medical Service, 1860
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A LifeofLeisure!
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Br. Viceroys Daughter Simla, 1863
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Lady Curzon, 1904
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Living Like a Maharajah
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Darjeeling Railroad, 1880s
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Simla Little England in the mountains of
India
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Karachi, 1896
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Procession of the Rajahs,New Delhi, 1902
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Victoria Station, Bombay
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Chartered Bank of Calcutta,
1915
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Theosophical Library Madras, 1913
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What were the BENEFITS of British rule in India??
2-F
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What were the majorLIMITATIONS of British rule
in India??
2-G
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The Rise of Indian Nationalism
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the Indian National Congress

• 1885 ? The Indian National Congress
  was founded in Bombay.
• swaraj ? independence. the goal of the
  movement.

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Jawaharlal nehru
1889 - 1964
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the Muslim League

• 1905 ? partition of Bengal based on
  religions and languages.
• 1906 ? creation of the Muslim
  League.

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Mohammed Ali Jinnah
1876 - 1948
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Young Mohandas K. Gandhi,
1876
1869 - 1948
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Gandhi with the londonvegetarian society, 1890
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Gandhi as a Young Barrister in Natal
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Gandhi as a Lawyer in Johannesburg, So. Africa
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Gandhi and His Wife, Kasturba, 1915
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Amritsar Massacre, 1919
379 dead over 1200 wounded!
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Salt March, 1930
MakingSalt
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Gandhi spinning cloth
Indian weaving was ruined by the competition of
British machine-made textiles!
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Gandhi and His Grandaughters, 1947
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The End of the Raj August 15, 1947
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Last Viceroy of India
Lord Louis Lady Edwina Montbatten
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(No Transcript)
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Partition?
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Why?

• Muslim minority
• Unfair representation
• Inevitable?
• Two Nation Theory creation of Pakistan and
  India Sikhs can choose where to live

Shows INC and Muslim League not willing to
compromise
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Louis Mountbatten His Plan

• How to transfer power before 1948?
• How to please Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs?
• Can Britain protect India from a civil war?

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Lord Mountbattens Decision

• There can be no question of coercing any large
  areas in which one community has a majority to
  live against their will under a government in
  which another community has a majority. And the
  only alternative to coercion is partition. (3
  June 1947)

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Resistance to Partition Plan?

• Gandhi insisted on Indian unity
• Nehru resisted partition because democracy would
  protect minority
• Jinnah wanted assurances of equal rights and
  representation

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Cyril Radcliffes Line
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Summer Migration of 47
Bharat to Pakistan Trail
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Muslims fleeing from New Delhi 47
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Muslim refugees fleeing sectarian fighting in
Amritsar 47
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Partition of Punjab 47
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Independence Dreams Destroyed

• Casualties

• Partition

• ½ million killed
• Tens of thousands women abducted or raped
• More than 10 million refugees
• 9 million Muslims migrate to Pakistan
• 5 million Sikhs and Hindus migrate to India

• Division of Bengali territory into East and West
  East becomes part of Pakistan while West becomes
  part of India
• Punjab and Kashmir suffers same fate
• Creation of refugee camps and slums Bengali
  Hindus in Kolkata

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Kashmir
Indian troops defending Srinagar (capital of
Kashmir