??????(???? TOEFL)

1
?????????

• ????(????????)?
• ????????????
• ???

2
?????

• ??????(????TOEFL)
• ????TOEFL iBT????
• ?????????????(????)
• ???????(????)?????????

3
?????

• ????????
• ?????????
• ????????
• ????????????
• (??)???????????
• ?????TOEFL

4
?????

• ????????
• ?????????
• ????????
• ????????????
• (??)???????????
• ?????TOEFL

5
????(????????)?

• 1954?????????????????????????
• ?????????
• ???????(????)
• ????(??)
• ????????(??)
• ????????(??)
• ??????????(????)
• ???????????????(??) Ph.D.

6
????(????????)?

• ??????????
• ?????
• ???AB
• ????
• ???????(????????)

7
????

• ?????15???????
• 1998???????

8
????

• ??????????????
• Geoworks Silicon Valley (???????????)

9
??????

• ?????(Modern Physics)
• ?????(Probability and Statistics)
• ????????????????
• ??????????????
• ??????????????????
• ?????(?????????)

10
???

• ????1? (1978)
• GRE Verbal 89 (1988)
• TOEIC 990, TOEFL CBT 300 (2002)
• TOEFL iBT 120 (2006)

11
?????????????????????????
12
?????????????????????????
13

• ?????????
• ???

????????????????
14
?????

• ????????
• ?????????
• ????????
• ????????????
• (??)???????????
• ?????TOEFL

15
?????

• ?????????
• ?????????
• ???????

16
?????

• ???????
• ????Speaking
• ????Speaking

17
?????????

• ????IMD???????????????????47??????????47?
• ???
• ??????(?????)
• ?????(?????)
• ????
• ???????????

18
?????????

• ??????????????????????????????
• ?1??????????????2????????
• ????????

19
???????

• ????????????????????????
• ???????????
• ???????????????
• ????(??????)????????
• ??(???)???
• ?????????????

20
???????

• 1996??????????(TOEFL PBT)
• ??????????????
• 2007?????????????(TOEFL iBT)
• ??????????

21
????Speaking

• 2007?TOEFL iBT????Speaking?????30??15????????????

22
????Speaking
?? ?? ?? ?? ???
??? 16 18 16 15 65
??? 23 22 19 15 78
23
Writing

• 18?
• ??????1??

24

• ???????
• ????

25

• ???
• ???????

26
?????

• ????????
• ?????????
• ????????
• ????????????
• (??)???????????
• ?????TOEFL

27
??

• ??(??)???
• ????????
• ?????

28
??

• ??(??)???
• ????????
• ?????

29
?????

• ???????
• ?????????
• Comprehensive examination??

30
??

• ??(??)???
• ????????
• ?????

31
?????

• ??????????
• ???
• ??????40?????
• ???????????????(?????)

32
??????????

• ????
• ??????????????????????????
• ??
• ????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????

33
MIT???

• MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
• ??? 4127?
• ???? 6126?
• ????/???1.48(3?2)
• ????
• ??? 13113?
• ???? 8647?
• ????/???0.66(2?3)

34
MIT

• ??????????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ??????????????

35
????

• ???????????????????????(??)??????????
• ???????????????????(?????????????)
• ????(???????)?????????????

36
??????????????????

• ??????????
• ???????????

37

• ???????
• ????????

38
??

• ??(??)???
• ????????
• ?????

39
?????

• Fellowships
• ???????1?????fellowship????
• Research Assistantships(RA)
• ???????????
• Teaching Assistantships(TA)
• discussion session exam grading
• homework and exam grading
• ??????????

40
?????350???Stanford??
???????!
41
?????350???Stanford??
????????!
42
??

• ??(??)???
• ????????
• ?????

43
?????

• ????????
• ?????????
• ????????
• ????????????
• (??)???????????
• ?????TOEFL

44
???

• ?????
• ???????
• Dance to their music.

45
???

• ?????
• ???????
• Dance to their music.

46
?????

• Application Form (Web????)admission and
  financial aid (???application fee??)
• ??????????
• Letters of Reference???
• ?????(Statement of Purpose)
• ???????(statement of financial support, evidence
  of financial support, financial statement)
• ?????(health examination certificate, health
  report)
• ?????(GRE, TOEFL)

47
???

• ?????
• ???????
• Dance to their music.

48
?????

• Application Form (Web????)admission and
  financial aid (???application fee??)
• ??????????
• Letters of Reference???
• ?????(Statement of Purpose)
• ???????(statement of financial support, evidence
  of financial support, financial statement)
• ?????(health examination certificate, health
  report)
• ?????(GRE, TOEFL)

49
?????(transcript)

• ???????????????????

50
?????(Statement of Purpose)

• ?????????
• ????????

51
?????(Statement of Purpose)

• ??????????
• ???????
• ????????????

52
?????(Statement of Purpose)

• ??????????
• One-size-fits-all???
• ???????
• ??????
• ????????????
• ???????????

53
???(Letters of Recommendation)

• ???????????????
• ????????????????
• ????????!

54
TOEFL iBT

• Reading(??) measures the ability to understand
  short passages that are similar in topic and
  style to academic texts used in North American
  colleges and universities.
• Listening(??) measures the ability to understand
  English as it is spoken in North America.
• Speaking(??) measures the ability to communicate
  verbally.
• Writing(??) measures the ability to write in
  English on an assigned topic.

55
?????

• ????????
• ?????????
• ????????
• ????????????
• (??)???????????
• ?????TOEFL

56
????

• ??????????????
• ??????????????
• ?????????????
• ?????????
• ??????

57
???????

• ??????????
• ???????????????????????

58
??????????

• ???????????????????
• ????????
• ????????
• ???TA????????

59
Stanford????

• ??????????????????
• Department of Chemistry, School of Humanities and
  Sciences, Stanford University
• http//www.stanford.edu/dept/chemistry/grad/financ
  ial.html
• (Graduate Program - Financial Aid)

60
?????

• Financial support of graduate students is
  provided in the form of research assistantships,
  teaching assistantships, and fellowships.
  Historically, all graduate students in good
  standing have received full financial support
  (tuition and stipend) for the duration of their
  graduate studies at Stanford.
• ?RA?TA?fellowships????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????

61
25,185 \2,787,914

• First-year students for the 04-05 academic year
  will receive 25,185.
• ?????????25,185???(?????)?

62
??????

• Stipends are set such that the students' net
  income is equivalent to the net income received
  at other major universities, and is consistent
  with the cost of living in the Stanford area.
• ????????????????????????????????

63
????????!

• Additionally, first-year students arriving from
  distant locations may receive a travel allowance
  to partially defray the cost of necessary travel.
• ????????????????????????????sweetening the
  pot(???????)???????

64
?????320???Stanford??
???????!
65
?????320???Stanford??
????????!
66
?????

• ????????
• ?????????
• ????????
• ????????????
• (??)???????????
• ?????TOEFL

67
?????

• ????????
• ?????????
• ????????
• ????????????
• (??)???????????
• ?????TOEFL

68
????TOEFL iBT??

• http//aoitani.net/TOEFL_iBT_Guide.doc(TOEFL
  iBT??????)
• http//aoitani.net/TOEFL_iBT.html(???TOEFL
  iBT?????????)
• http//aoitani.net/(??????)
• ???????(???????)http//www.mag2.com/m/0000113907.h
  tml
• ?????????????? EERRhttp//aoitani.net/?????????

69
TOEFL

• Test
• Of
• English
• as a
• Foreign
• Language

70
????TOEFL

• Paper-Based Test ?????
• ?
• Computer-Based Test ????????
• ?
• internet-Based Test ???????????
• PBT ? CBT ? iBT
• ???iBT????CBT?????PBT???????????

71

• ???

72
TOEFL????

• TOEIC 990?TOEFL iBT 110???
• ????1?TOEFL iBT 105???

73
TOEFL iBT?

• ?????

74
????

• ???????????????????
• ?????????????????
• ????????????????

75
TOEFL iBT???

• Reading????????????????????
• ???????(Structure)??????
• Speaking????
• Listening?Reading???????????????
• ????(Reading, Listening, Speaking,
  Writing??????????????)???
• ??????????(??????)
• ????????????????
• ?????????????

76
TOEFL iBT?

• ?????
• ?????

77
?????

• ????????????????

78
??????

• ?????????????TOEFL?????

79

• ??????

80
?????

• ?????????
• TOEFL???
• ??????????

81
ETS??

• The Official Guide to the New TOEFL iBT

82

• ??????????????????????
• http//aoitani.net/Links.html

83
???
????? ????? ??
Reading 3-5?(???12-14???) 60??100?
Listening 4-6??(????6????) 2-3??(????5????) 60??90?
?? 10?
Speaking Speaking???2? Reading?Listening???????4? 20?
Writing ?????1? ????Writing?1? 20? 30?
84
???
????? ????? ??
Reading 3-5?(???12-14???) 60??100?
Listening 4-6??(????6????) 2-3??(????5????) 60??90?
?? 10?
Speaking Speaking???2? Reading?Listening???????4? 20?
Writing ?????1? ????Writing?1? 20? 30?
85
Reading
?700??(CBT?250??350??) 3??5? ???12??14??? 60??100?
700??12?????A4???? gtgt ???? 1??20??????2??40?
86

• ????????????passage(?)??????????
• ???????????(????????)??????????????????????
• ???????????????
• ???1?(2??????)??????????????summary??????????2????
  ??????

87

• ??????????
• ??????????(TOEFL?????)
• ?????????????
• ??????????????????

88
Listening
4??6????3??5??500??800?? 1?????6? 60??90? 1??2?????? 2??3???
2??3????3??12??25????? 1?????5? 60??90? 1??2?????? 2??3???
?? gtgt ????
89

• ????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?

90

• ??????????? gtgt ????
• ????????????????????????????
• ?????????????

91
????????????????

• ???CBT????????????????????
• Professor Do you think he will appreciate it?
• Question What does the professor mean?
• ????............

92
Speaking
???? (1)??????????????????? (2)???????????????????????? (1)??????????????????? (2)???????????????????????? ????15? ????45?
???? ? ? ? (3)????????????????????????????? (4)??????????????????????????? ????30? ????60?
???? ? ? (5)??????????????????????????????????????????? (6)?????????????????????????? ????20? ????60?
93
Speaking
???? (1)??????????????????? (2)???????????????????????? (1)??????????????????? (2)???????????????????????? ????15? ????45?
???? ? ? ? (3)????????????????????????????? (4)??????????????????????????? ????30? ????60?
???? ? ? (5)??????????????????????????????????????????? (6)?????????????????????????? ????20? ????60?
94
?????(1)?????15? ??45?

• (1)???????????????????
• ???????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????? I like France since
  it is an interesting country. lt I like France
  because I am learning French, and their food
  intrigues me so much. For example, .

95

• ?????????????????
• ?????????????????
• ??????????
• ????(????????????)?????????????
• On the fly(????)
• ???????????????????????????
• ???????????

96
?????(2)?????15? ??45?

• (2)????????????????????????
• ?????????????
• ??????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ????????????????

97

• ??????????????????
• 15??????????????????
• ?????????????????

98
?????(3)?????30? ??60?

• (3)?????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• 75??100???????????????????????40??45????(???????)
• ?????????????????????????????????

99
?????(4)?????30? ??60?

• (4)???????????????????????????
• ????????????(75??100?)????????(60??90?150??220?)?
  ??????????????
• ????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• ?????????????????

100
?????(5)?????20? ??60?

• (5)????????????????????????????????????????
• 60??90?(180??220?)???????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????TA??

101
?????(6)?????20? ??60?

• (6)??????????????????????????
• ??(60??90?)??????????????????
• ????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????

102
Speaking??????

• ???????????
• ??????????????????
• ????????????????
• ?????????????????????

103
Hiding Ones Fluency

• You may mess up the speech especially if the
  topic is not something you think about often.
  But, it will be very difficult to hide your
  general fluency if you indeed had one.

104
Writing
??????? 150??225? 1? ????20?
???? 300? 1? ????30?
105
(No Transcript)
106
????

• TOEFL??????!
• ??????????????
• ????!

107
PL??

• PL????????????????????????(??????????)???????????
  ???????
• ???????????????????????

108
??

• ?????????????????
• ??????????

109

• ???????

110

• ??????

111

• ???????

112

• ????????????????????????????????????????
• ????
• ????????
• ?????!

113
My New Book

• ?????
• ?????????
• DHC?????
• 2005?9???

114
(No Transcript)
115

• ???

116
(No Transcript)
117
(No Transcript)
118
(No Transcript)
119

• ???0
• ??????????
• ??????????
• ?????????

120
??????

• ?????
• ???
• ????????

121
???? ?????? ?????
?????? ???????
122

• ?????????

123

• ??????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????
• ????????????????????Step function????????????????
  ?????
• ???(?????)???????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????
• ??????????4?????????????TOEIC?????900???????(???TO
  EIC??????????????????)
• ???????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????7,8???????10??????????????
• ???????????????
• ?????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????!

124

• ??????????????????????

125

• ?????????????????????????????

126

• ????????????????????Step function????
• ?????????????????

127

• ???(?????)???????

128

• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????
• ??????????

129

• ??????????4?????????????TOEIC?????900???????(???TO
  EIC??????????????????)

130

• ???????????????????????????????????????

131

• ????????????????????7,8???????10??????????????

132

• ???????????????

133

• ?????????????????????????????

134

• ???????????????????????????????!

135

• ????????

136

• ???????????

137

• ????

138

• ??????????????

139

• ???????????

140

• ???????

141
???? ?????? ?????
?????? ???????
142
??????

• ???????????????
• ?????
• ????????
• ?????3??1??
• ??????
• 100??!

143
???

• ???
• ??
• ??
• ????????!
• ?????????????

144
????

• ?????????????
• ?????????????
• ????????
• ??????????

145
??????
146
???
147
?????????
148
???????
149
?????? ???????
150
????
151
?????????
152
????????
153
?????
154

• ???
• ?????
• ???????

??