Growth Enhancing Environments: Human Resources Development

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Growth Enhancing Environments Human Resources
Development

• One can act through two theoretical approaches
• Classical Organizational or Bureaucratic
• Human Resources Development (Organizational
  Behavior)
• The latter taps the higher order motivational
  needs of the people in the school.

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School Climate

• Different schools have distinct personalities due
  to the particular social system of each school.
• This social system has a CLIMATE that is the
  defined as the characteristics of the total
  environments in a school building (Owens, p.
  162).
• Renato Tagiuris model identifies four elements
  that comprise climate.

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Research on Climate (Wm. Ouchi) Theory Z

• Type A (American) Short Term Employment
• Type J (Japanese) Lifetime employment
• Type Z (Modified American) Long-term employment

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Research on Climate (Wm. Ouchi) Theory Z

• Type A Individual decision making
• Type J Consensual decision making
• Type Z Consensual decision making
• Type A Specialized career path
• Type J Nonspecialized career path
• Type Z Moderately specialized career path

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Tom Peters In Search of Excellence

• Research showed that successful organizations,
  including schools, had a consistent theme
• the power of values and culture in these
  corporations rather than procedures and control
  systems, provides the glue that holds them
  together, stimulates commitment to a common
  mission, and galvanizes the creativity and energy
  of their participants. (Owens, p. 164).

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Scheins Model of Levels of Culture (p. 168)

• Culture is based on norms, values, and belief
  systems
• And this leads to behaviors and artifacts based
  on these norms, values, and belief systems

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Organizational Climate

• Climate is measured by assessing the perceptions
  of individuals concerning the aspects of climate
  culture, ecology, organization, and milieu.
• We must remember that schools and districts will
  have multiple cultures.

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Rensis Likerts Cause and Effect

• Likerts analysis led him to conclude that there
  are causal variables under the control of the
  principal that affect climate and organization
  performance
• Organization structure bureaucratic or flexible
• Leadership style authoritative or democratic
• Philosophy of operation consensus decision
  making or not

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Rensis Likerts Cause and Effect

• These choices are critical to determining the
  nature of the management system in the
  organization. That is, Likerts System 1, 2, 3,
  or 4.
• System 4 is the only effective System.
• This is directly related to student achievement
  level increases.

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Climate Studies

• Various instruments can measure climate, one of
  the earliest being the OCDQ by Halpin and Croft.
• The accreditation process requires schools to use
  climate instruments, and then to develop a plan
  to improve those areas that are weak.

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Likerts Linking Pin Concept

• Likert noted that any effective System 4 will
  need to break into work groups that are small
  enough to work and communicate together, and
  close enough to the problem to make effective,
  creative decisions.
• This requires the pyramidal structure depicted on
  p. 191 in which there is someone linked to groups
  above and below a groups place on the
  organization chart.
• ltThe Endgt