FORESTRY

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FORESTRY
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• Leaves are used by trees to absorb sunlight.
• They are the most recognizable feature of any
  tree.
• They are also used to distinguish different types
  of trees.

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What do we get from Trees?

• Remove carbon dioxide release oxygen
• Paper, wood food (i.e. apples)
• Provide shade and prevent soil erosion
• Provide beauty to a particular area.
• Habitats for animals insects

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• Most of the Earths trees are found in forests.
• The types of trees found in certain areas depends
  on climate, altitude, and soil composition.

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Earths Forests More than just trees

• In the last 8000 years the Earth has lost nearly
  40 of its original forests (mostly since the
  20th century).
• We have been using forest resources for thousands
  of years.
• With the rise of industry and big businesses, we
  began abusing forest resources.

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• Forests provide jobs and sources of revenue
  (income) for people in surrounding towns and
  cities.
• Forests attract tourists and allow us to do
  recreational activities.

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Human territories and Forests

• Forests are an important source of revenue for
  governments, large companies, and local
  businesses.

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• When a logging company begins developing a new
  part of a forest, a town begins to form because
  workers need to live close by.
• Within this town services (i.e. schools, grocery
  store) and businesses are built

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• Roads and highways need to be built.
• Gas and electrical lines need to be passed.
• Ports are built if the town is close to a body of
  water.

https//www.youtube.com/watch?vVZ43JK-gTkg
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Recreational Tourism

• What is it?
• It is an area of the economy that provides a
  large source of revenue (income) for forest
  areas.
• This is good for the economy in that area.
• It attracts tourists who enjoy participating in
  outdoor recreational activities (i.e. fishing,
  hunting, camping, hiking, etc.)

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Recreational tourism film
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vLRf_KrTZZ4A
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vcVstO0qJWxA
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• Many recreational tourist areas have gained
  international popularity.
• These same areas have now developed into
  multi-million dollar businesses (i.e.
  Mont-Tremblant, Quebec).

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Types of Forests

• Today, more than 25 of the earths land mass are
  covered by forests.
• Every type of forest has a very different
  climate, soil type, species of trees and plants,
  and animals
• There are 3 types of forest.

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1) Tropical Rainforests

• Are located in Central and South America, central
  Africa, and Southeast Asia.
• They are home to some of the most exotic species
  of plants, animals, and insects in world.
• Reach nearly 50C
• Receive nearly 650 cm rain every year.

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2) Temperate Deciduous Forest

• Found in Southern Canada and Northern USA,
  Europe, China and Japan.
• Mostly made up of deciduous trees (lose their
  leaves) and conifers (evergreens)
• Located near large cities.
• Companies used these forests to produce and sell
  goods.

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Importance of T. D. Forests

• These forests are important to people as they
  provide enjoyment as well as many resources
  including food, timber, and oxygen.

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Threats to T.D.Fs

• Acid rain caused by industrial and vehicle
  emissions
• Damages the leaves of trees
• Trees produce smaller and fewer seeds.
• Trees' resistance to disease, pests, and frost is
  reduced.
• Clear cutting of forests.

https//www.youtube.com/watch?vtKpftZha_XY
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3) Boreal Forest

• Predominantly found in Canada, Northern Europe,
  China, and Japan.
• Primarily made up of conifers (evergreens).
• ¾ of Canadas forests Boreal.

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Importance of the B. Forests

• The boreal is highly valued for
• Economic benefits (7000 forestry businesses and
  400 000 jobs.)
• Recreational opportunities (skiing, hiking etc.)
• Breathtaking sceneries
• Natural resources (Ex petroleum products, peat,
  hydro-electricity)
• Tourism

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• They represent nearly 25 of the earths forested
  land.
• They help filter millions of litres of drinking
  water every day.
• Over 14 of Canadians live in the B. forest.
• This includes nearly 600 aboriginal groups and
  communities that take active roles in managing
  forest resources.

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Canadas Boreal Forest
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Important Terms

• Forestry All activities related to the forest
  and its development.
• Clear-cutting Removing all of the trees from one
  area.
• Deforestation permanent destruction of a
  forested area.
• Stand A group of trees where there is only one
  or few species growing together

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Commercial value of the Boreal Forest

• Trees are primarily used for manufacturing pulp,
  paper, and cardboard.
• Throughout Canada nearly 7000 logging companies
  provide jobs to nearly 400 000 people (ex Kruger
  Inc.).
• These industries inject billions of dollars into
  Canadas economy each year.

https//www.youtube.com/watch?v607l_w804xQ
https//www.youtube.com/watch?vankTfenObww
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Newsprint, coated paper, directory paper,
supercalendered paper, Montreal City

• Our Publication Papers business unit produces
  newsprint, coated, directory and supercalendered
  paper. Kruger Publication Papers comprises four
  paper mills, three of which are located in Québec
  and the other in Newfoundland and Labrador. The
  four paper mills are certified under the ISO
  90012000 (Quality Management), PwC-ICoCTM (Chain
  of Custody) and PEFC (Chain of Custody)
  standards. Each mill has its own recycling
  facilities, secondary effluent treatment system
  and energy conservation programs.

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• Canada is the world leader in the production and
  export of newsprint. (1/3 is produced in Quebec)
• It is primarily exported to the U.S.A. China.

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Films

• The Paper Making Process
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vE4C3X26dxbM
• MANUFACTURE THIS Toilet Paper
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v607l_w804xQ
• RMR Rick Goes Heli-Logging
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vUhb7XHUypJo
• Deforestation CNN REPORT
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vM4jhjt1_eyM

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Forestry in Canada Today

• Is the forest industry in Canada Quebec doing
  well?
• It is currently going through very difficult
  times.
• Many logging companies, sawmills, pulp and paper
  producers are struggling/shutting down their
  businesses.
• This creates unemployment!

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Why is this happening to the forest industry?

• Poor world economy (budget cuts means less paper)
• New laws which force companies to replant or use
  fewer trees (forced to spend replanting takes
  away from profits).
• New technology that requires less paper and wood
  (Tablet computers such as iPads, bamboo products
  etc. ).

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• Why is the closing of a sawmill or logging
  company such a big deal?
• Shutting down a sawmill means regional
  unemployment.
• People in other industries are affected too (i.e.
  department stores, restaurants in that same
  region).

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What are governments doing to help?

1. Investing millions of dollars into
   forestry-related companies
2. Buying companies that have closed offering its
   employees new job opportunities ?
3. Providing jobs to replant or manage forests

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more definitions!

• Land clearing Cutting down trees in an area for
  farming, construction (towns and roads), or
  logging.
• Degradation The act or process of damaging or
  ruining something.
• This occurs in a forest when land clearing is
  poorly managed.

• Deforestation The cutting down and removal of
  all or most of the trees in a forested area.
• Ex Forested area is cleared to make a road or
  highway, malls, or housing developments.

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Region of Mauricie, Quebec
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Case study Mauricie, Quebec

• Mauricie is one of the largest producers of
  cardboard and newsprint (mostly exported to USA).
• Logging is a huge industry in this region and has
  been for over 150 years.

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• The forest industry in la Mauricie provides tens
  of thousands of jobs.
• La Mauricie developed around its logging
  industry.
• During the 1900s, the demand for wood and paper
  grew in this region.
• Today, this region is struggling during the
  current recession (struggling economy, job
  losses).

https//www.youtube.com/watch?vIdpk9HFWhs8
https//www.youtube.com/watch?v9ak-LaEKRHM
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La Mauricie Region, Shawinigan, Trois-Rivieres

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vZfNDa4dDr54
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?v8icRX4B7Hps
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vEsy3Jmt2JY0
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?v0ZuKA7VHo2w

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Silviculture in Mauricie

• It refers to practice of conserving and
  maintaining a forest by replanting trees.

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1. In Mauricie, the government and companies are
   studying areas for development, as to not disrupt
   local hunting and fishing.
2. Companies invite tourists to plant trees and
   visit harvesting operations.
3. Inclusion of First Nation communities in decision
   making.
4. Coulombe report harvest trees in different
   places at different times
5. Produce more wood products ship less timber.