THE DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN COMMUNICATION

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THE DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN COMMUNICATION
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Outline of this PowerPoint

• Brief Intro
• I. Linguistics
• II. Communication
• III. Speech
• IV. Language
• V. Language Components
• VI. Dialects

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I have used some other sources in my lectures for
this class?

• Owens, R.E., Farinella, K.A., Metz (2015).
  Introduction to communication disorders A
  lifespan evidence-based perspective (5th ed.).
  Boston Pearson.
• Justice, L.M., Redle, E.E. (2014).
  Communication sciences and disorders A clinical
  evidence-based approach (3rd ed.). New Jersey
  Pearson Education
• Hulit, L.M., Fahey, K.R., Howard, M.R. (2015).
  Born to talk An introduction to speech and
  language development (5th ed.). Boston Allyn
  Bacon.
• Owens, R.E. (2014). Language disorders A
  functional approach to assessment and
  intervention (6th ed.). New Jersey Pearson
  Education.

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• Roseberry-McKibbin, C., Hegde, M.N. (2016).
  Advanced review of speech-language pathology
  Study guide for PRAXIS and comprehensive
  examination (4th ed.). Austin, TX Pro-Ed.
• This is in press, and will be out in late
  September 2015.

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And workshops I have attended for CEUs

• ASHA 2013, Chicago
• ASHA Schools Conference Long Beach, 2013
• CSHA, 2014, San Francisco
• ASHA Schools Conference, Pittsburgh, 7/14
• Literacy and iPad apps conference, 3/15
• Will be attending 2015 ASHA in Denver and
  presenting several papers

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Why is all of this information about child
language development important?

• We need to recgonize what is typical and what is
  not typical so we can intervene as early as
  possible in childrens lives

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Over 70 of Americas prisoners
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Lets take a look at a typically developing child
and one with a language disorder

• Youtube Star Wars according to a 3-year old

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Now a child with a language disorder

• Youtube mixed receptive-expressive language
  disorder
• Liz Furtado

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Turn to each other and note

• What are 2-3 differences you noticed in these
  children?
• What stood out to you about the little boy with
  the language disorder?
• Please write your answers on the next slide and
  we will share with the whole class

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Differences between the boy and girl
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I. LINGUISTICS

• Linguistics is the study of language
• We are most concerned with 2 types of linguistics

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Sociolinguistics
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Developmental linguistics
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II. COMMUNICATION

• A. Basic Definition
• Exchange of information and ideas, needs, and
  desires between 2 or more individuals
• What are some ways we communicate with each
  other?
• Communicative competence the degree to which the
  speaker is successful in communicating
  appropriately and effectively

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Communication
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B. Nonlinguistic cues in communication
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C. Paralinguistic Cues in Communication
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Consider the differences

• Mom Did you have a good time at school?
• 4th grader Yeah, science was goodwe learned
  about condensation!
• 4th grader Yeah.science was good..we learned
  about..condensation?

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C. Metalinguistic Skills

• The ability to talk about language, analyze it,
  think about it, judge it, and see it as an entity
  separate from its content or out of context
• My 4-year old nephew Aunt Celeste, my name
  Andrew doesnt have a vowel-driven r. Its an
  r blend.

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III. SPEECH
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IV. LANGUAGE

• A. Basic Definitions
• Language is defined as a socially shared code or
  conventional system for representing concepts
  through the use of arbitrary symbols and
  rule-governed combinations of those symbols
• (this is Owens definition that I will not ask on
  the exam)

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For the exam, please know this definition of
language
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For example, the symbol or word is zoo
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So the child, ideally, has been to a zoo and
develops the concept

• Then she learns the word zoo that goes with the
  concept

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The child needs to have

• Exposure and experience

• How do children get exposure and experience?

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B. 3 Properties of Language
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Linguistic competence

• A language users underlying knowledge about the
  system of rules
• Cannot be measured directly
• We can only directly measure linguistic
  performance

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Linguistic performance
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Language is generative
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Please write 2-3 sentences or questions using
most or all of these words (you can add other
words as well ?)

• Texting, friends, I, like, my, Instagram,
  Facebook, email, parents, fun, work, secret,
  when, Twitter

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V. LANGUAGE COMPONENTS (P. 24 Figure 1.7)
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A. Phonology

• Aspect of language concerned with the rules
  governing the structure, distribution, and
  sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of
  syllables
• We have the IPA
• English orthography is problematic
• Bough, thought, rough, though, through

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B. Morphology

• Concerned with the internal organization of words
• Words consist of morphemes
• Free morphemes are independent and can stand
  alone
• Bound morphemes cannot function
  independentlymust be attached to free morphemes

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Derivational morphemes
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Inflectional morphemes

• Are suffixes only
• Change the state or increase the precision of the
  free morpheme
• Things like plural s, past tense -ed

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Please underline the free morphemes and circle
the bound morphemes

• Basically Definition
• Neighbors Decalibrated
• Uninhibited Unkindness

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You should have
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The new Common Core State Standards
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With one girl, LaShon, a first grade 6-year old
We worked with her first grade language arts book
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• I would have LaShon read each page, and we would
  talk about the vocabulary and what it meant,
  focusing first on comprehension and decoding

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Then we picked out words from the text that had
suffixes
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LaShon wrote them on the board and underlined the
suffixes

• She said she
• thought it was fun! ?

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C. Syntax
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D. SemanticsWord Meaning

• 1. World knowledge
• Persons autobiographical and experiential
  understanding and memory of particular events
• 2. Word knowledge
• Verbal and contains word and symbol definitions

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3. Synonyms

• Different words that carry similar meanings
• Scared/afraid
• Beautiful/pretty
• Hard/difficult

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In therapy for LI (language impaired) students
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4. Antonyms, which are opposites
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E. Pragmatics

• Rules govern conversational interactions
• Social rules of language

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As one example of social rules
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Discourse
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2 types of speech acts
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Direct speech act

• Only has one interpretation
• Please pass the butter.

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Important aspects of pragmatics
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Cooperation principle-4 aspects
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(No Transcript)
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Youtube example

• In the following clip from Big Bang Theory
  (Sheldon and Amy in car with Penny)
• Penny is driving Sheldon to meet Amy for the
  first timeit is a first date
• What rules of discourse do Sheldon and Amy
  violate?

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VI. DIALECTS

• Dialects variations that characterize the
  languages of a particular group
• Each dialect shares a common set of grammatical
  rules with the standards language
• Dialects are mutually intelligible

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Dialect use is influenced by 5 factors
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(No Transcript)
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The most common American English dialects

• Standard American English (textbooks, TV)
• 10 regional dialects (e.g., Southern and
  Appalacian these are not on test 1)
• African American English
• Asian English
• Latino English

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In sum, today we discussed

• Brief Intro
• I. Linguistics
• II. Communication
• III. Speech
• IV. Language
• V. Language Components
• VI. Dialects