The Syllabus

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The Syllabus

• Subject to change (Check for updates)
• Link
• www.jennystark.com

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ComS 27a and 27b

• Lecture and Lab
• Scope of the course
• About the Professor

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CameraEye

• The eye gathers patterns of reflected light which
  the brain translates into images we see
• Still Film Cameras record light patterns on film
  coated with light sensitive chemicals
• Convex lenses (curved outwards) invert images
• The brain and cameras turn images right side up
  again

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Movie Cameras

• Record images in the same way as still film
  cameras they just do it more often
• Eight mm 18 fps
• 16 and 35mm cameras take 24 fps
• When pictures are projected onscreen they give
  the illusion of continuous motion

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Persistence of Vision

• The viewers mind fills in the gaps between the
  individual frames due to this physiological
  phenomenon

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Digital Cameras (still and video)

• Lens focuses light patterns onto a
  light-sensitive surface made up of small flat
  chips called CCDs
• Each CCD contains thousands of tiny
  light-sensitive areas (pixels) which change
  according to the color and intensity of the light
  hitting them

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Video Cameras Convert Light Patterns into
Electronic Images

• Images are electronically collected off the chip
  at the rate of 25-30 fps
• At the viewfinder or TV set the process is
  reversed to recreate the original image
• Persistence of vision causes the viewer to
  perceive the separate pictures or frames as
  continuous movement.

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Exposure

• Amount of light that comes through the lens and
  hits the film or CCD chip
• The hole in the center of the lens that the light
  travels through is the aperture
• F 2 means that the aperture is 1/2 as big across
  as the lens is long--16 is 1/16
• 1 stop lets in twice as much or 1/2 the light

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DV and HDV vs. 8mm VHS

• Better screen resolution
• Color fidelity
• Reduced video artifacts

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DV vs. Film

• Enables an appalling lack of discipline on the
  part of the shooter.
• Not enough financial penalty for shooting poorly
• The expensive 16mm documentary has gone away

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5 Cs of Cinematography

• Camera angles
• Continuity
• Cutting
• Close-ups
• Composition

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Film Costs from Yale Labs

• http//www.yalefilmandvideo.com/
• 100 about 3 minutes

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Experts?

• F-stops
• Shutter speeds
• Film emulsions
• Incident vs reflected
• Now you have to do it all!
• And not for much money!

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Penalty for Lack of Discipline?

• Need to tell a compelling visual story
• Adequate coverage the range of shots necessary
  to assemble a finished show
• A successful shooter edits as she/he is shooting
• Truckloads of tape and editing

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Color Temperature

• Color films and ccd chips can only handle only
  one color of light
• Color filters are used to convert the existing
  light to the color temperature required

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Exclude

• Every Element of Composition is there for a
  reason
• Exclude irrelevant story elements
• (our minds do that subconsciously)

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Vermeer, The Geographer
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Three Point Perspective
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Shot Types

• http//atec.utdallas.edu/midori/Handouts/camera.h
  tmscale

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