The Role of the Community in the implementation of the CBR Matrix: Experiences of Local Inclusive Development

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The Role of the Community in the implementation
of the CBR MatrixExperiences of Local Inclusive
Development

• Priscille Geiser
• 4th CAN CBR Conference, Abuja, 28th October 2010
• Break-Out Session

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Evolutions of disability models

• CBR as an approach has evolved over the years
  with the shift of disability paradigm
• From a medical perspective seeking to repair the
  broken or fix the impairment to a social model
  recognising the central responsibility of the
  environment, including the community, in creating
  barriers and exclusion
• Recognising the responsibility of the community
  implies that we also recognise their role in
  changing this situation
• CBR not community-located or based in but
  based on, driven by, initiated from the
  role of communities in implementing the CBR
  Matrix is central

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and related challenges

• Joint Position Paper 2004, new CBR Guidelines
  and Matrix Prompt CBR actors to address 4 major
  challenges
• HUMAN RIGHTS AND PARTICIPATION challenge to
  actively involve people with disabilities and
  realise their rights
• MULTI-SECTOR APPROACH challenge to ensure
  access to mainstream services and opportunities
  in all sectors (not only functional
  rehabilitation)
• COMMUNITY MOBILISATION challenge to mobilise
  the community to become welcoming, inclusive and
  to actively engage in the realisation of people
  with disabilities rights
• COORDINATION challenge of coordinating between
  the multiple actors involved

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New opportunities on the international scene

• The UNCRPD
• Article 1 - recognises the role of the community
  in creating barriers
• 1st Convention linking so strongly human rights
  and development
• New obligations created by the UNCRPD towards
  States Parties, impacting on their internal
  policies as well as international cooperation
• Participation of people with disabilities becomes
  a central requirement (articles 3, 4.3, 29, 32)

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New opportunities on the international scene

• DECENTRALISATION
• Growing trends of decentralisation reforms in
  developing countries
• Local authorities in developing countries are
  devoted new responsibilities to decide on
  priorities of the local development agenda at
  community level
• Increase of decentralised cooperation
  initiatives
• Need to address the lack of capacities of local
  authorities to take these new responsibilities -gt
  their interventions unlikely to address the
  situation of groups that are traditionally
  excluded

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Inclusive Local Development

• Building on these opportunities to explore
  solutions to address these challenges from a
  different perspective
• Instead of designing a strategy focusing on
  people with disabilities, on which the community
  would need to be mobilised
• look at the community strategy and try to
  improve it and get it adapted to people with
  disabilities priorities
• Inclusive Local Development as a strategy to make
  community development inclusive of people with
  disabilities
• Giving a new emphasis to participation of people
  with disabilities as citizens and active
  stakeholders of their community through
  influencing community decision-making (article 3,
  4.3, 29)

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Inclusive Local Development

• Trying to embed our interventions in the
  decentralised system, we looked at the community
  as  the smallest administrative area in which
  people live  (WHO Helsinki 2003)
• Community geographical/ political/
  administrative meaning in French approche
  territoriale
• Community people 3 major types of actors
• People with disabilities, their families and
  their representative organisations
• Local authorities/ decision makers
• Local development stakeholders in all sectors
  (public and private service providers, NGOs,
  professionals)

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Stakeholders and relationships in a community
Local Authorities(administrative
and/ortraditional)
COMMUNITY corresponding to the smallest
administrative division
Local development stakeholders (public and
private providers, professionals, and others from
civil society)
People with disabilities, their families and
representative organisations (DPOs)
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6 major project components

1. Strengthen the capacity and skills of Disabled
   Peoples Organizations to increase their
   participation in development processes and local
   governance
2. Support communities to conduct a local
   participatory diagnosis/ assessment of the
   situation of people with disabilities
3. Facilitate consultations between people with
   disabilities and local authorities for the
   development of inclusive community policies and
   actions (community development action plans)
4. Provide financial support for the development of
   inclusive community development actions resulting
   from this consultation.
5. Create a cross-cutting network of local services
   and facilitate effective systems for referral and
   information.
6. Train local stakeholders on disability issues,
   supporting them to change and adapt their
   practices to meet the needs, interests and
   priorities and enforce the rights of people with
   disabilities.

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Stakeholders and relationships in a community
Local Authorities(administrative
and/ortraditional)
Strengthening capacities to efficiently manage
their community and address key issues of
exclusion
Strengthening capacities to take part in
community decision-making, to strategise advocacy
COMMUNITY corresponding to the smallest
administrative division
Local development stakeholders (public and
private providers, professionals, and others from
civil society)
People with disabilities, their families and
representative organisations (DPOs)
Strengthening capacities to welcome and include
people with disabilities on an equal basis
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Stakeholders and relationships in a community
Local Authorities(administrative
and/ortraditional)

• Mechanisms for dialogue and consultation
• Joint analysis of the situation of PwDs (LPD)
• Joint decision-making (inclusive CDAP)
• Improved continuum of services through
  cross-cutting referral mechanisms

COMMUNITY corresponding to the smallest
administrative division
Local development stakeholders (public and
private providers, professionals, and others from
civil society)
People with disabilities, their families and
representative organisations (DPOs)
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Local Participatory Diagnosis - Mali
Communities 10 District Councils in Gourma
Rharous Steering committee including local
elected decision makers and PwDs, deciding on the
assessment methodology and priority
objectives Teams of surveyors 2 person teams
including 1 person with a disability Analysis Mult
i-stakeholder workshop presenting the results
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Local Participatory Diagnosis - Mali

• Focus situation of PwDs, education, health the
  process
• 110 PwDs surveyed, 20 DPOs, 9 schools, 5 health
  centres
• Example of key findings
• 75 of PwDs surveyed think that in general PwDs
  are excluded
• The 9 schools surveyed are not accessible
  physically
• 99 of PwDs estimate that their priority needs
  are not met
• 48 are members of a DPO, among which 60 have a
  role

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Inclusive Community Development Action Plans- Mali
Local DPOs took part in consultations to
elaborate the district council development action
plan, together with local authorities, services
providers and other development actors Based on
the results of the local participatory diagnosis,
priorities identified to address the situation of
PwDs were included in each of the 10 district
councils action plans in Gourma Rharous
Results new community infrastructures
accessible, increased access to school for
children with disabilities, increased employment
opportunities, reduced stigma
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Improving continuum of services - Mozambique

• The local participatory diagnosis focused on
  access of people with disabilities to services
  (Maputo, Matola)
• -gt directory of existing mainstream community
  services using pictogrammes to indicate
  accessibility of services
• -gt The diagnosis served to identify further
  training needs of mainstream service providers to
  design relevant training/ awareness-raising
  curriculum
• -gt directory particularly used by agents of
  community social services who play a major role
  in informing and referring PwDs towards
  appropriate services

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Towards community-based inclusive development

• Work on key mechanisms to foster coordination
  between community actors
• This approach has been implemented in more than
  15 countries Mozambique, Morocco, Algeria,
  Palestine, Egypt, Mali, Togo, Burkina Faso,
  Senegal, Sierra Leone, Ethiopia, Madagascar, the
  Philippines, Indonesia, Nepal, Brasil
• Key successes include
• Helping more traditional models of CBR to
  evolve (Nepal, Philippines)
• Increased sustainability
• Community ownership
• Participation of people with disabilities
• Better continuum of services

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Resource documents

• Coming soon
• Good practices on Inclusive Local Governance
  covering 7 countries of West Africa (Making it
  Work) www.makingitwork-crpd.org
• Practical Guide to Conduct a Local Participatory
  Diagnosis
• Practical Guide on Inclusive Community
  Development Action Plans

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Thank you!