Introduction%20of%20new%20electronic%20systems%20for%20aviation

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Introduction of new electronic systems for
aviation

• Thor Breien, Dr. Ing
• Park Air Systems AS
• Presented by
• Linda Lavik

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Subjects to be discussed

• Navigation Systems in use for air traffic
• Why need for new systems
• Factors against transition from ground based to
  satellite based systems
• The Authorities, ATC / airport operators, system
  suppliers, and airlines roles in the
  implementation process
• Experiences from SCAT-I

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E-navigation in aviation

• All professional air navigation is based on
  electronic systems due to the visibility
  limitations
• IFR corresponds to E-navigation for maritime
• IFR Instrument Flight Rules
• VFR Visual Flight Rules

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Navigation Systems in useHistory of air
navigation

• Aviation started in 1903
• From 1919 bonfires and artificial lights, in
  addition to landmarks and maps, were used to help
  pilots find their way

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Navigation Systems in use Early Landing Aid and
Landing field light
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Navigation Systems in use History of air radio
navigation

• 1920s Started use of radio navigation aids
  (NAVAIDS)
• In 1947 ICAO was founded as a specialized
  aviation UN agency and NAVAIDS international
  standardized. Several systems were then taken in
  use
• CONSOL -DME (distance)
• LORAN -ILS (landing)
• VOR (bearing) -NDB (bearing/position)

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Navigation Systems in use Typical today's
Navigation and Landing aids
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Why need for new NAVAIDS?

• Technology evolution
• The availability of GPS and extended use of
  computers in flight management systems
• Congestions in airspace
• Need to increase capacity by moving from today's
  route network to Free Flight navigation (Single
  European Sky)
• Cost reductions
• Need for more cost-effective use of aircraft by
  shorter stopovers and less fuel consumption
• Lower Navigation fees reduction of redundant
  NAVAIDS
• Increased safety
• Introduction of NAVAIDS for more areas and
  airports will increase safety and potential for
  fewer accidents

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Factors against transition from ground based to
satellite based systems

• For most of the users, no operational need for
  transition to a new system
• Large cost for re-certification
• Transition period with costly overlapping systems
• No incentives from ANSP / authorities

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Why new NAVAIDS? Potential cost savings and
environmental benefits with GPS-based systems
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Why not just use satellite systems...

• ..and switch off the expensive ground
  infrastructure??
• There are several obstacles
• All aircraft must have installed new avionics
• International consensus on the transition
  required
• Political and legal aspects to be clarified
• Satellite systems must have proved their
  performance

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Political and legal aspects to be clarified

• Who is responsible for any accidents?
• Who controls the signal availability?
• Need for more systems than GPS
• Reduced accessibility, who takes the delay /
  cancellation bill?

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International coordination for introduction of
new systems

• National and international Radio Navigation Plans
  are policy documents for the future use of
  existing and new navigation aids
• All plans agree on the main items
• Navigation and landing will be based on a mixture
  of ground and satellite systems
• Evolutionary introduction of satellite systems
• Some ground based systems will be gradually
  withdrawn
• Maintain complementary ground systems until
  satellite systems have received full acceptance

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Who participate in the the NAVAIDS transition
process?

• Authorities
• ATC / airport operators (Air Navigation Service
  Providers)
• System suppliers
• Airlines

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The Authorities role

• ICAO (parallel to IMO)
• establish the international agreed standards and
  set the protection dates
• EUROCONTROL
• develops, coordinates and plans for
  implementation of pan-European air traffic
  management strategies
• Civil Aviation Authority
• Establish national regulations
• Issue certificates to put new systems into
  operations
• Inspections of service providers, industry and
  airlines according to JAA/EU regulations

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The Air Navigation Service Providers role

• Clarify service needs based on input from
  airlines
• Define system requirements
• Collect/produce documentation for approval
• Acquire and put into operations
• Maintain the systems

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The Airlines role

• Identify the needs for more cost-effective /
  safer navigation
• Define the avionics concept
• Collect/Produce documentation for certification
• Install the avionics in new aircraft, retrofit
  for existing aircraft

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The system suppliers role

• Specify the design methodology, the system
  equipment functionality and performance
• Produce product documentation and safety
  assessments according to the CAA regulations
• Design and manufacture the system equipment

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Certification of a first generation
satellite-based landing system

• SCAT-I developed in accordance with USA
  specifications due to no international standard
• Certification process included approval of
  safety-critical software with very stringent
  QA-requirements
• Certification completed

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SCAT-I Concept
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Challenges for a system frontier

• System Requirements changing during the project
  due to better knowledge of GPS-weaknesses
• First time an approach is based on flying on
  information from a datalink and not a radiation
  beam

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Challenges

• Approval authorities not used to software-based
  NAVAIDS
• Very much focus on integrity aspects
• No other companies in Norway to consult in such
  stringent SW-process
• Depending on avionics suppliers equipment
  completion of the common certification got to a
  halt due to partners financial problems

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Status and outcome of the Park Air Systems
development

• SCAT-I ground station certification completed in
  2004, avionics in 2007
• Established and successfully implemented a
  development process for safety-critical software
  and products
• Foundation for further development within
  satellite navigation systems and other
  safety-critical products

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The future for air navigation systems

• Based on more than one satellite system (e.g. GPS
  and Galileo)
• Some ground based NAVAIDS will remain for backup
  / supplement
• Ground systems will still handle the most
  safety-critical landings