VADODARA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING KOTAMBI-391510 ACTIVE LEARNING ASSIGNMENT ON

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VADODARA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERINGKOTAMBI-391510A
CTIVE LEARNING ASSIGNMENTON

• SUBMITTED BY
• Parth sandesara-13ELEE533
• Foram sureja-13ELEE531
• Vivek lakhana-13ELEE532
• Sahaj patel-13ELEE534

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Direct Current Circuits

• Chapter 1

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Sources of emf

• The source that maintains the constant current in
  a closed circuit is the emf.
• Batteries, generators are two sources of emf
• They increase the PE of the charges circulating
  in the circuits

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Sources of emf

• DV E Ir
• r the internal resistance of the battery
• DV the terminal voltage of the battery
• I E /( R r )
• If R is much greater than r, we can neglect r in
  our analysis and we do, for many circuits

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Sources of emf

• IE I2R I2r
• This tells us the total power output of the
  source of emf
• If R is much greater than r, than most of the
  power from the emf is transferred to the load
  resistance
• We will assume that the internal resistance, r,
  of a battery is negligible.

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Resistors in Series

• Series
• The current through any combination of resistors
  in series is constant
• The voltage drop across an individual resistor in
  series is variable.
• Req R1 R2 R3 . . .

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Resistors in Series
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Resistors in Parallel

• Parallel
• The current through each resistor connected in
  parallel is variable (path of least resistance)
• The voltage across each resistor connected in
  parallel is constant.
• 1/Req 1/R1 1/R2 1/R3 . . .

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Resistors in Parallel
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Kirchoffs Rules

• The sum of the currents entering any junction
  must equal the sum of the currents leaving that
  junction.
• (Junction Rule)
• The sum of the DV across all the elements around
  any closed-circuit loop must be zero.
• (Loop Rule)

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Kirchoffs Rules

• You must assign symbols and directions to the
  currents.
• When applying the loop rule, you must choose a
  direction for going around the loop.
• DV I1R1 I2R2 I3R3
• Use a system of equations to solve for the
  missing quantity

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Kirchoffs Rules
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RC Circuits

• In RC circuits the current varies with time
• q Q(1 e(-t/RC))
• Q is the maximum charge
• t time
• RC is the time constant called t
• The time constant, t, represents the time
  required for the charge to increase from zero to
  63.2 of its maximum value

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RC Circuits

• Discharging of a capacitor
• q Qe(-t/RC)
• In one time constant the capacitor loses 63.2 of
  its initial charge

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