Chapter Eight

1
Chapter Eight
Improving Performance with feedback, Rewards, and
Positive Reinforcement
Team Moai Jennifer Bradley, Lindsey Thompson,
Derek Bronken, Kelly Clayton, Andrew Stephens
2
Feedbacks Two Functions Feedback Objective
information about performance

• Instructional
• Clarifies or teaches new behavior

• Motivational
• Serves as or promises award
• Can be enhanced by specificity of goals and
  feedback

3
3 Sources of Feedback

• Others ?
• ? Task
• Self ?

4
Positive Negative

• Tend to remember
• Curbs motivation
• Easier to deliver

• Tend not to remember
• Respond by improvement
• Requires methodical delivery
• Can damage self-efficacy

5
Unconventional Approaches

• Upward
• Employees evaluate boss

• 360-Degree
• Comparison of anonymous feedback from ones
  peers with self-perceptions

6
Why Feedback Often Fails

• Feedback is used to punish, embarrass, or put
  down employees
• Those receiving feel that feedback is irrelevant
  to their work
• Those receiving feedback believe it relates to
  matters beyond their control
• Feedback information is provided too late to do
  any good
• Employees complain about wasting too much time
  collecting and recording feedback data
• Feedback recipients complain about feedback being
  too complex or difficult to understand

7
Organizational Rewards Systems

• Types of Rewards
• Extrinsic
• Intrinsic

• Reward Norms
• Profit maximization
• Equity
• Equality
• Need

8
Distribution Criteria

• Three general criteria
• Performance Results
• Performance Actions and behaviors
• Non performance considerations
• Pay for performance (incentive pay)

9
Reinforcement

• Thorndikes Law of Effect
• Skinners Model
• Respondent Behavior
• Operant Behavior

• Contingent Consequences
• Positive Reinforcement
• Negative Reinforcement
• Punishment
• Extinction

10
Schedules Of Reinforcement

• Continuous Reinforcement
• Intermittent Reinforcement
• Fixed/Variable Ratio
• Fixed/Variable Interval

• Shaping Behavior with Positive Reinforcement
• Shaping Job Behavior Effectively