Capturing RichMond: The Tide of the war turns

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How the war ended

• Capturing RichMond The Tide of the war turns
• Section 5

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Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville

• McClellan is replaced by Gen. Ambrose Burnside
• Nov. 1862
• Burnside leads an attack on Richmond by way of
  Fredericksburg
• Surprised General Lee
• Delays crossing Rappahannock
• Heavy casualties
• Union 12,600
• Confederates 5,300
• Burnside is forced to retreat

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Chancellorsville Fredericksburg

• Replaced with Gen. Joseph Hooker
• April 1863
• Launched a frontal attack on Fredericksburg
• Column broke off and attacked the flanks
• Took a defensive position at Chancellorsville
• Attacked by Jackson and Lee
• Flanks and frontal
• Held ground for 3 days
• Union is forced to retreat
• Stonewall Jackson is accidentally shot and killed
  

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Gettysburg July 1, 1863

• Raiding party heads toward Gettysburg in hopes of
  finding shoes and food
• Lees men unexpectedly encounter Union troops
• 75,000 Confederates vs. 90,000 Yankees

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Gettysburg - Day 1

• July 1, 1863
• Southern Pennsylvania
• Lee unexpectedly ran into Union troops under the
  command of Gen. George Meade
• Confederates camped at Cemetery Ridge

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Gettysburg - Day 2

• July 2, 1863
• Lee orders an attack on the left flank
• Fought for control of Little Round Top

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Gettysburg - Day 3

• Lees men faced a massive defeat
• Picketts Charge
• 15,000 Confederate troops
• Use outdated military strategy

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Gettysburg - Day 4

• Lee began to retreat
• Lincoln wanted Meade to follow Lees army
• Meade didnt
• Lincoln felt Meade missed an opportunity

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Aftermath of Gettysburg

• Turning point of the war
• Lees army would never again launch an attack in
  the North.
• The next day, Grant and Farragut capture
  Vicksburg
• Great Britain and France refused to provide aid
  to the Confederacy

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Gettysburg Address

• November 19, 1863
• Dedication ceremony
• Battlefield became National Cemetery
• Reminded listeners of the ideals of liberty,
  equality, and democracy mentioned in the
  Declaration of Independence.

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Wilderness Campaign

• Under the command of Grant
• Transferred from the West
• A series of battles designed to capture Richmond
• Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg
• Union soldiers slowly moved the Confederate
  troops back towards Richmond

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Grant believed that the only way to win was by
relentlessly pounding the enemy.
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Shermans March to the Sea

• Lincoln needed a victory to help him win
  re-election
• May through August 1864
• Path of Total War
• From Tennessee to Atlanta, GA
• Held Atlanta under siege
• Union victory
• Lincoln won re-election

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Total War

• Destroyed civilian and economic resources
• Railways
• Bridges
• Crops
• Livestock
• Burned plantations
• Freed slaves
• Path of destruction 60 miles wide
• Led to anger and resentment

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South surrenders

• By April 1865
• Grant surrounded Lees army
• Held him under siege
• Army was starving
• Lee surrenders to Grant
• April 9, 1865
• Appomattox Courthouse

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Conditions of Surrender

• Confederate troops would
• Be fed
• Keep horses
• Would not be tried for treason

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Effects of War

• Almost 620,000 Americans lost their lives
• 200,000 in battle
• 450,000 additional soldiers from disease
• Ended slavery
• The South laid in ruins
• Cost 20 billion

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Effects of War (cont.)

• Roles of women changed
• Manufactured war goods
• Spied
• Cared for sick and wounded
• Taught school
• Replaced factory workers

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Effects of War (cont.)

• Roles of African Americans changed
• 200,000 served in Union troops
• Less pay
• Less training
• Fewer supplies
• Least desirable duties
• Worked in iron and salt mines
• Built roads
• Served as scouts and guides