RUSSIA-ITALY THE HISTORY OF RELATIONS

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RUSSIA-ITALYTHE HISTORY OF RELATIONS

• RUSSIAN EMBASSY SCHOOL IN ITALY
• FORM 10
• Teacher of English Korenkova E.M.

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• The idea to learn about the history of relations
  between two countries, Russia and Italy, came
  when we were discussing the visit of our
  president, Putin V.V, to Milan in October 2014.We
  interviewed the students of our school to find
  out what they would like to know about the topic.
  Here are the questions they had asked. Well try
  to answer them using the facts weve researched.

Popov Petr Galsanov Daniil Zezulin Ivan
Chilikina Yana Loginova Liza
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• The questions asked by the students of our
  school
• 1. When were the first diplomatic relations
  between Italy and Russia established?2. Why is
  the territory of the ambassador's residence
  called Villa Abameleck? 3. Names of which
  diplomats are associated with the construction of
  diplomatic relations between Italy and Russia?4.
  What were the diplomatic relations between the
  countries during the First and the Second World
  Wars like?
• 5. How are the modern diplomatic relations
  developing?

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Some historical facts

• Its known for sure that in 1524 Pope Clement VII
  sent to Moscow his representative Paolo
  Centuriono, who returned to Rome two years later
  accompanied by the Russian Ambassador Dmitry
  Gerasimov. The Russian representative attended
  the Senate, made a tour around the city. Together
  with Paolo Centuriono he returned to Moscow in
  1526. The portrait of Basil III got to be known
  to Europeans at that period. It supposed the
  portrait was presented to Pope during Gerasimovs
  visit.

Pope Clement VII
Tsar Basil III
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• The Italian Renaissance  ended in around 1600,
  but Italy remained an important centre of Western
  culture throughout the period. However the
  economic importance of Italy declined, as the
  Italian states played little part in the opening
  up of the New World, or the early stages of the
  Industrial Revolution. At the beginning of the
  XVIII century Italy was under Spanish guidance .
  The continuous wars between Austrian Habsburgs
  and Spanish Bourbons changed the map of Italy.
  Independent policy was conducted only by the
  Venice and Savoy ruling Houses. Theres a
  historical version that the first consulate was
  established in in 1711 after Peter the Great had
  visited the Venetian dockyards. In 1748 Russia
  tried to sign trade treaties with Venice but
  Vienna strongly resisted to these efforts being
  afraid of growing importance of the Russian
  Empire. As a result, the official diplomatic
  relations between Venice and the Russian Empire
  were established only in 1782.

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• At the beginning of the 19th century there were
  several republics on the territory of Italy. All
  of hem were dependent on France. The
  revolutionary idea of unification was widely
  spread at the period. King of Sardinia Charles
  Emmanuel appointed Count Gaetano Balbo as an
  Envoy extraordinary to bring the message to
  Russian tsar with the request for financial help.
  Russian tsar Paul I sent the first 300000 rubles
  as a kind of support and since that time had
  regularly subsidized Sardinia till the year 1814.
  The unification of Italy in 60s of the 19th
  century coincided with the abolition of serfdom
  in Russia. The new wave of sympathy towards
  Russia was great. In 1876 the missions of the two
  countries in Rome and St. Petersburg were
  transformed into embassies.

Charles Emmanuel, King of Sardinia
Paul I, tsar of Russia
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• At the beginning of the XX century important
  changes in the Russian-Italian relations took
  place thanks to appointment Count Muravyev as
  Russia's ambassador to Italy in 1906. As the
  result of the events of the First World War and
  the October Revolution in 1917 bilateral
  relations were broken off. It was only in 1924
  that formal diplomatic relations were restored.
• The World War II caused the severance of
  diplomatic relations which were restored only in
  1944.

Russian Embassy in Rome
Italian Embassy in Moscow
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• In 1969 Italy was the first Western country to
  conclude a long lasting agreement on gas supply.
• The basic principles of bilateral relations were
  reflected in the Treaty of Friendship and
  Cooperation between the Russian Federation and
  the Italian Republic, signed on October 14,
  1994.
• In addition to an active dialogue at the highest
  level, there are intensive contacts between the
  legislative, executive and judicial authorities.
  Since 2000, a large Russian-Italian
  inter-parliamentary committee has held 11
  meetings.
• An extensive program of activities to promote the
  Russian language in Italy and the Italian
  language in Russia, in the context of the
  Agreement on the study of the Russian language in
  the Republic of Italy and the Italian language in
  the Russian Federation is being implemented.

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Diplomats whose names are connected with
diplomatic relations with Italy

• At the beginning of the XX century important
  changes in the Russian-Italian relations took
  place thanks to appointment Count Muravyev as
  Russia's ambassador to Italy in 1906.Count
  Muravyev, a clever and energetic diplomat, was a
  distant relative and political associate of
  Alexander Isvolsky, the Minister of Foreign
  Affairs in Russia at that period. Isvolsky used
  to be the Minister Resident in the Vatican and
  knew Italian business very well.

Alexander Isvolsky
Nikolay Muravyev
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Nikolay Valerianovich Muraviev or Muravyov (Russia
n ??????? ???????????? ????????) (1850-1908)
was an Imperial Russian politician, nephew of the
famed Count Nicolay Muravyev-Amursky, explorer
and Governor General of the Russian Far
East. Muraviev was a graduate of both the
University of Saint Petersburgh  and
the University of Moscow. Early in his career he
was a noted lecturer on criminal law at the
University of Moscow and served in various
positions within the judiciary. He came to
prominence after successfully prosecuting the
assassins of Emperor Alexander II. In 1892 he was
appointed Imperial Secretary. He served as
Minister of Justice from 1894 to early 1905. He
was appointed Ambassador to Italy in 1905 and
served until his death in 1908.
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• Anatoly Nikolaevich Krupensky was born on
  November 3,1850 in Kishinev. He was Secretary to
  the Embassy in Austria-Hungary, great Britain,
  Italy. Also Anatoly Nikolaevich was Ambassador to
  Italy from 1912 to 1915. He died in Rome in 1923
  and was buried at the cemetery in Testaccio.
•  Lunkov Nikolai Mitrofanovich was born on January
  7, 1919.He was an adviser to the embassies in
  Germany, Sweden, the UK. He was the Ambassador
  tothe UK, Norway, Malta. For 10 years from 18
  November 1980 to 12 April 1990 Nikolai
  Mitrofanovich was the Ambassador to Italy. He is
  on pension in Moscow now.

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• Sergei Sergeevich Razov is the Ambassador of the
  Russian Federation to the Republic of Italy at
  present time. Sergei Sergeevich was the
  Ambassador of the Russian Federation in Mongolia,
  Poland, China. He is the Candidate of Economic
  Sciences.
• Sergei Sergeevich speaks English, Chinese and
  Polish. Sergei Sergeevich was awarded the Order
  of Honor and the Order of Friendship for great
  contribution to the foreign policy and ensuring
  Russia's national interests , the courage and
  selflessness on duty.

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Villa Abameleck
Villa Abamelek, the official residence of the
Russian ambassador to Italy, is named after its
last owner - Russian Prince Semen Semenovich
Abamelek-Lazarev. This is a typical urban estate.
The size of its area is surprisingly big -about
33.8 hectares. At the same time it is located in
the heart of Rome, over the hill Gianicolo, close
to the famous Villa Doria Pamphili, dated back to
the XVI century.
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• Under the villa Abamelek (even not all critics
  know about it) theres a tunnel with a railway
  line 700 meters long, connecting the Vatican with
  a network of roads of Italy, as the pontiff -
  nearest neighbor inhabitants of Abamelek. And the
  hill on which the villa is located has its own
  history. In ancient Rome, this place used to be
  cemetery of gladiators killed in the circus of
  Nero. During archaeological excavations at the
  villa several gravestones with the Latin
  inscription Corpus custodes Nerone were found.

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• In the Middle Ages this picturesque corner of the
  Tiber was chosen by the Roman nobles who built
  their country residences here. There are
  vineyards and orchards, and the land itself
  belonged to several owners. Prince Abamelek
  bought this patch of land and created luxurious
  architectural and park ensemble. He kept a rich
  collection of paintings, tapestries, antique
  mosaics, antique marble and wood carvings here .
  The villa was famous for rescheduled park planted
  with beautiful trees and shrubs, decorated with
  antique sculptures, marble Roman baths, fountains
  and amphoraes. Since 1947, Villa Abamelek has
  been the official residence of the Russian
  ambassador to Italy.

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Villa Abameleck has a few brick buildings. The
most significant is the old Belvedere Palace,
the Theatre for carnival performances, built in
the XVIII century, and a large building of
stables with a spectacular architectural and
sculptural decoration and an adjoining
fountain. Prince Abameleck hired fashionable
Roman architect Vincenco Monaldi, who worked both
at the restoration, building renovation and
beautification of the park of the villa, and at
its interior. He bought antique marble, mosaics,
sculptures, Flemish tapestries of XVI-XVII
centuries, paintings by old masters, antique
furniture.
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• A three-storey palace with a lookout tower on the
  roof, from which came the name - Belvedere - was
  restored first. Preserving the ancient frescoes
  and partly layout, the palace became a
  magnificent building. The Prince decided to
  revive and expand the theater building, which is
  called the Palace of the Muses. Maria Pavlovna (
  his wife)before the marriage took music lessons
  with composer Balakirev, played music and sang
  beautifully. Seriously engaged in classical
  dance, she was taught by the former actress of
  the Imperial Ballet, who lived in their home in
  St. Petersburg.

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• Reference material
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