Think

1
Think

• When was the last time that you were really
  stressed and your emotions affected you
  physically?
• How do you deal with stress? (name some things)

2
What Youll Learn

• 1. Explain the mind-body connection.

2. Outline guidelines for expressing emotions in
healthful ways. 3. Discuss hidden anger, anger
cues, and anger-management skills. 4. Explain
the bodily changes caused by stress during each
of the three stages of the general adaptation
syndrome.
3
What Youll Learn

• 5. Explain ways that prolonged stress can affect
  health.

6. Identify life changes that are most stressful
for teens. 7. List and discuss
stress-management skills.
4
Key Terms

• emotion
• mind-body connection
• psychosomatic disease
• hidden anger
• hostility
• serotonin
• anger-management skills
• stress
• general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
• stress-management skills

5
The Mind-Body Connection
What you think and feel can affect what happens
to your body, and what happens in your body can
affect how you think and feel.
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Mind-body connection contd

• Suppose you are worried about a test tomorrow.
• The emotion of worry might trigger certain bodily
  responses, such as an increase in heart rate and
  blood pressure.
• If this continues, you might have difficulty
  getting a good nights sleep.
• You might get tired the next day because your
  emotional state triggered changes in your body.

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What to Know About the Mind-Body Connection

• The mind-body connection is the relationship
  between a persons thoughts, emotions, and bodily
  responses.

• A psychosomatic disease is a physical illness or
  disorder that is caused or aggravated by
  emotional responses.

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Asthma

• Asthma is a chronic condition in which breathing
  becomes difficult.
• A teen with asthma might be fearful of speaking
  in front of the class.
• When the teacher asks him to give a report, he
  might have difficulty breathing.
• His emotional state aggravated his disorder.

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Expressing Emotions in Healthful Ways

• 1. Identify the emotion.

2. Identify the source of the emotion. 3. Decide
whether or not you need to respond right
away. 4. Choose a responsible and healthful
response. 5. Protect your health.
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Angry Feelings

• An anger trigger is a thought or event that
  causes a person to become angry.
• An anger cue is a body change that occurs when a
  person is angry.

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What to Know About Hidden Anger and Hostility

• Hidden anger is anger that is not recognized and
  is expressed in inappropriate ways.

• Hostility is a chronic state of anger.

• places the body at greater risk of developing
  severe illness.
• Serotonin is a chemical that is involved in
  controlling states of consciousness and mood.

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What to Know About Hidden Anger and Hostility

• Teens with hidden anger may express their anger
  in harmful ways.

• Projection is blaming others for actions or
  events for which they are not responsible.
• Displacement is the releasing of anger on someone
  or something other than the cause of the anger.

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What to Know About Hidden Anger and Hostility

• Symptoms of Anger

• rapid breathing
• increased heart rate
• rise in blood pressure
• increased sweating from sweat glands in the face
• sweaty palms
• dryness of the mouth
• increased alertness

• decreased sensitivity to pain
• increased muscle strength as a result of
  increased availability of blood sugar to the
  muscles
• tensed eyebrows
• pursed lips
• reddening of the face

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Anger-Management Skills

• Anger-management skills are healthful ways to
  control and express anger.

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How to Use Anger-Management Skills

• Reduce the effects of anger with physical
  activity.
• uses up extra blood sugar that is released into
  your bloodstream when you are angry.
• Use other safe physical actions to blow off
  steam. 
• Keep a sense of humor
• Rehearse situation.
• Talk with parent/guardian.

• Keep an anger self-inventory. 
• Use self-statements to control anger.
• Use I-messages instead of you-messages.
• Write a letter. 
• Write in a journal. 
• Breathe deeply.

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Stress

• Stress is the response of the body to the demands
  of daily living.

• A source or cause of stress is a stressor.
• Eustress is a healthful response to a stressor.
• Distress is a harmful response to a stressor.

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Stress

• Stress is linked to many of the ten leading
  causes of death, including heart disease, cancer,
  stroke, and injuries.

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The General Adaptation Syndrome

• The general adaptation syndrome, or GAS is a
  series of body changes that result from stress.

• The GAS occurs in three stages

• the alarm stage
• the resistance stage
• the exhaustion stage

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The General Adaptation Syndrome

• The alarm stage

• The alarm stage is the first stage of the GAS in
  which the body gets ready for quick action.
• During this stage, adrenalinea hormone that
  prepares the body to react during times of stress
  or in an emergencyis secreted into the
  bloodstream.
• The alarm stage sometimes is called the
  fight-or-flight response.

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Fight or Flight
21
The General Adaptation Syndrome

• The resistance stage

• The resistance stage is the second stage of the
  GAS in which the body attempts to regain internal
  balance.
• The body is no longer in an emergency state and
  adrenaline is no longer secreted.

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The General Adaptation Syndrome

• The exhaustion stage

• As a result of not being able to handle stress,
  some peoples bodies are in the alarm stage for
  long periods of time.
• The exhaustion stage is the third stage of the
  GAS in which wear and tear on the body increase
  the risk of injury, illness, and premature death.

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How Stress Affects Health Status

• Stress and mental and emotional health

• Prolonged stress
• makes it difficult for you to think clearly and
  concentrate.
• increases the risk of depression and
  psychosomatic diseases

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How Stress Affects Health Status

• Stress and family and social health 

• Stressful homes and relationships increase the
  likelihood that you will become ill.

• Stress and growth and development   

• Teens who cannot adjust to bodily changes during
  puberty may choose harmful ways of coping. i.e.
  eating disorders

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How Stress Affects Health Status

• Stress and nutrition

• Eat moderately and regularly when you are
  stressed to help replenish vitamins in your body.

• Moderate consumption of caffeine, salty foods,
  and sweets because they may promote stress.

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How Stress Affects Health Status

• Stress and personal health and physical
  activity 

• Too much exercise can affect your immune system

• Stress and alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs

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How Stress Affects Health Status

• Stress and communicable and chronic diseases

• Periods of stress might cause the bodys immune
  system to be suppressed, resulting in lowered
  resistance to disease.

• Stress and consumer and community health 

• Boredom is a stressor that may lead people to
  harmful behaviors.

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How Stress Affects Health Status

• Stress and environmental health

• Pollutantsharmful substances in the
  environmentand noise activate the GAS.

• Stress and injury prevention and personal safety 

• Stress is a major contributing factor in almost
  all kinds of accidents.
• might not be able to concentrate.

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Stress-Management Skills

• Stress-management skills are techniques used to
  prevent and deal with stressors and to protect
  ones health from the harmful effects produced by
  the stress response.

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How to Prevent and Deal withStressful Situations

• Use responsible decision-making skills.

• Keep a time-management plan. 
• Keep a Budget.
• Talk with parents, a guardian, a mentor, or other
  responsible adults. 
• Make sure you have a support network of
  friends.   

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How to Prevent and Deal withStressful Situations
contd

• Participate in physical activity.
• uses up the extra adrenaline and sugar released
  during times of stress.
• Write in a journal.
• Use breathing techniques.
• Eat a healthful diet.
• your body uses up an extra supply of vitamins C
  and D.
• Reduce your intake of caffeine and decrease your
  intake of sugar.
• Get plenty of rest and sleep.

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Study Guide

• 1. Match the following terms and definitions.

___ emotion ___ eustress ___ hostility ___
displacement ___ stress
A. a chronic state of anger B. the releasing of
anger on someone or something other than the
cause of the anger C. a specific feeling, such
as anger, happiness, or anxiety D. the response
of the body to the demands of daily living E. a
healthful response to a stressor
C E A B D
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Study Guide

• 2. In which stage of the GAS do the following
  events occur?
• ___________ pupils constrict
• ___________ adrenaline is secreted
• ___________ blood pressure decreases
• ___________ wear and tear on the body increase
  risk of illness
• ___________ heart rate and blood pressure
  increase

resistance alarm resistance exhaustion alarm
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Study Guide

• 3. What are five ways to prevent and deal with
  stressful situations?

Five ways to prevent and deal with stressful
situations include 1. Use responsible
decision-making skills. 2. Keep a
time-management plan. 3. Keep a budget. 4. Talk
with parents, a guardian, a mentor, or other
responsible adults. 5. Make sure you have a
support network of friends.