SUPER-DOOPER%20CELL%20NOTES

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SUPER-DOOPER CELL NOTES

• Biology

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• Biology - The study of life
• Cell - Basic unit of all living things
• Cytology - The study of cells

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History

• 1665 - Robert Hooke discovered cells by looking
  at cork
• 1674 - Leeuwenhoek viewed the first living cells
  in pond water
• 1838 - Schwann created the cell theory

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Cell Theory

• All living things are made of cells.
• The structure and function of an organism is
  related to the cell(s) it is made up of.
• All cells come from existing cells through
  cellular division

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The Animal Cell
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Cell (Plasma) Membranegatekeeper
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• All cells have one
• The cell membrane is a bi-layer (two layers) of
  protein and lipids (fats)
• Encloses the cells cytoplasm and organelles
• Selectively controls what enters or exits the
  cells (selectively permeable)

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• All cells have one
• The cell membrane is a bi-layer (two layers) of
  protein and lipids (fats)
• Encloses the cells
• cytoplasm and organelles
• Selectively controls what enters or exits the
  cells (selectively permeable)

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Cytoplasm - living stuff

• Chemical reactions take place here
• Gives shape to cell suspends organelles

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Nucleus control center
Surrounded by a nuclear membrane Contains
the hereditary material (DNA) Contains the
nucleolus that produces ribosomes
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid - DNA

• When the cell is not dividing, DNA is called
  chromatin.
• When cell is dividing, DNA coils up into short
  fat sticks called chromosomes.

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Ribosomes protein factories

• Structural proteins (collagen, keratin, etc.)
• Functional proteins (hormones, enzymes, cell
  membrane channels, etc.)

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Endoplasmic Reticulumcanal system
Compartmentalizes the cell Transportation
system
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

• Rough because ribosomes are attached to it.
• Remember
• ribosomes synthesize proteins
• Which type of cells have a lot of RER?

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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

• Smooth because there are no ribosomes attached to
  it
• Site of lipid synthesis
• Involved in the detoxification of drugs and
  alcohol
• A person with a severe drug or alcohol problem
  will have a lot of SER in what cells?

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What are lipids???

• Fats and oils
• Phospholipids (cell membranes)
• Steroid lipids (i.e., cholesterol)
• Cholesterol is the base for some steroid hormones
  such as estrogen testosterone

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Golgi Apparatus bag boy/girl
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• The golgi apparatus looks like a series of
  flattened sacs (resembles a stack of pancakes)
• Concentrates and packages cell products for the
  cell

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Mitochondria power house
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Mitochondria

• Respiration center
• Site of energy production
• Energy is produced in the form of ATP
• Which cells will have the most mitochondria?

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Lysosomes garbage disposal

• Cleans up the cell
• Contain enzymes that break apart macromolecules
  (proteins, fats, etc.)
• Self-contained so the cell doesnt destroy itself

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Cytoskeleton wonder bra

• Gives support shape
• Provides support for some movement

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Centrioles

• Used in cell division
• Found only in animal cells

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Vacuole cactus

• Stores water for the cell

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Tissues - made up of many cells working together
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Skin cells are layered
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Human Nerve Cell
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Fat Cells
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Red Blood Cells
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Muscle Cells
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Bone Cells
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Cartilage Cells
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Egg Sperm Cells
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Sperm Wars
Kamikaze Sperm A block sperm that enter after
they do Kamakaze Sperm B attack sperm that
entered before they did
Sperm compete to get into the egg
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The tissues are organized
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The human body is made of tissues organized into
systems
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Plant Cells
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Plant Cells
Some plants are a single Cell example diatoms
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Diatoms
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Cell Wall

• Thick rigid wall
• Provides shape and protection
• Found only in plants

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Vacuoles

• Huge storage centers for water in plants
• (small in animal cells)

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Chloroplasts

• Green organelles that photosynthesize
• Only found in plants

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Differences between plant and animal cells

• Plants have a cell wall
• Vacuoles are bigger in plants
• Plants have chloroplasts
• Centrioles are only found in animal cells