Accessory Organs

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Accessory Organs
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Accessory Organs

• Not part of the digestive tract
• BUT they are necessary.

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LIVER

• First organ to receive blood after digestion.

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LIVER

• Functions (6)
• 1. Produces and secretes bile (Stored in the gall
  bladder)

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LIVER

• 2. Breakdown blood cells and hemoglobin.

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LIVER

• 3. Produces uria from nitrogen breakdown.

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LIVER

• 4. Makes many proteins and enzymes.

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LIVER

• 5. Removes poison from blood. (Filtering system).

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LIVER

• 6. Glucose homeostasis maintaining blood sugar
  level.

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DISORDERS

• Jaundice Yellow skin
• Yellow eyes
• Cuticles are yellow
• Liver isnt functioning

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• Bilirubin is a byproduct of the normal breakdown
  of red blood cells. The liver processes bilirubin
  so that it can be excreted by the body as waste.
  At birth, a baby's liver is still developing its
  ability to process bilirubin. Therefore,
  bilirubin levels are a little high at birth and
  jaundice is present to some degree in almost all
  newborns. This form of jaundice usually appears
  between day 2 and 5 and clears by 2 weeks. It
  usually causes no problems.

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PHOTOTHERAPY
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DISORDERS

• Gallstones Small deposits of fat
• Hard, not a problem until duct is blocked

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• Bile contains water, cholesterol, fats, bile
  salts, proteins, and bilirubin. Bile salts break
  up fat, and bilirubin gives bile and stool a
  yellowish color. If the liquid bile contains too
  much cholesterol, bile salts, or bilirubin, under
  certain conditions it can harden into stones.

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• Can your diet influence gallstones?
• YES
• Other causes
• Obesity, estrogen, ethnicity, gender, age,
  diabetes, fasting, rapid weight loss All of
  which increase cholesterol levels in bile.

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Disorders

• Hepatitis Inflammation of liver caused by
  viruses and/or bacteria. Six recognized types (A,
  B, C, D, E, G.

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• Hepatitis A transmitted by contaminated
  food/water
• Hepatitis B transmitted by blood, needles,
  sexual relations (body fluids)
• Hepatitis C (cause found in 1989) Blood,
  Sexually transmitted, when chronic very dangerous.

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Hepatitis B
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Hepatitis B

• This woman is not pregnant.  She has hepatitis B
  and is suffering from liver cancer.  Photo taken
  in a Thailand refugee camp.  This woman was a
  Cambodian refugee.  She died four months after
  she arrived in the camp (average life expectancy
  after diagnosis of liver cancer is four months.)

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Disorders

• Cirrhosis Tissue in the liver is replaced with
  fat or scar tissue caused by alcohol.

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Clubbing results from chronic low blood-oxygen
levels. The tips of the fingers enlarge and the
nails become extremely curved from front to back.