Information Technologies

1
Chapter 3???????
2
????

• ??????????
• ????
• ????????????
• ?????????
• ???????
• ?????????????
• ????

3
????

• ??????(Critical Success Factors,CSF)
• ???????????????
• ???????
• ????????????????????????????????????
• ????????
• ????????????????
• ?????????,????????????
• ??????,????????
• ??????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ?????????????,??????????????????????

4
??????
5
????

• ??????
• ?????????????????????????????
• ????
• ???????????????,???????
• ??
• ???????????????????
• ??????
• ???????????

6
????

• ?????????????????????????????????????,???????????
  ??????????????
• ??????(Document Management Systems,DMSs)
• ?????????????????????????????????
• ??
• ??????????
• ???????
• ??????
• ??
• ????
• ?????????????????????????

7
????

• ????(Transaction Processing)
• ??????????,?????????????????????
• ????(Analytical Processing)
• ???????,??????????,???????
• ???????DSS????
• ????(Data Warehouse)
• ??????????(???????????????????)???????????????????
  ??

8
???????

• ??Organization - ?????????,?????????????
• ???Consistency
• ????????????????????,??????,??????????
• ????Time variant
• ???????????????????????
• ???Nonvolatile - ??????????????
• ???- ?????????????
• ?????
• ???????????????

9
?????????
10
??????

• ?????? ?????????????

11
??????

• ?????????????????,???????????,?????????????????
• Data Cube

12
?????????????????
13
?????????????????(?)
14
????

• ????(Data Mart)
• ?????????(SBU)?????????????
• ??
• ???(????10???,??????????100???????)
• ??????????,????90?
• ??????????,????????
• ?????????????????????????
• ??
• ???????(Replicated/dependent data marts)
• ???????(Stand-alone data marts)
• ??????,????????????

15
????(Business Intelligence,BI)

• BI????????????????????????,????????????????????
• ????
• ??????????????????(OLAP) ??????????????????
• BI?????
• ???????(information and knowledge discovery)
• ?????????(decision support and intelligent
  analysis)

16
BI???
17
??????
18
????(Knowledge Discovery,KD)

• ????????????,??????
• ????? - ????????????????????,?????????(pattern)
• KD????????
• ??????
• ?????????
• ??????????
• ????
• ??????? (?? SQL (structured query language) ?QBE
  (query-by-example) )
• OLAP
• ????(Data mining )

19
????????????
20
??????(Online Analytical Processing, OLAP)

• OLAP
• ???????????????????
• ????????????????
• ?????????????
• ??
• ROLAP (Relational OLAP)
• ????????????
• ???????????????
• MOLAP (Multidimensional OLAP)
• ?????????(multidimensional data store,?? Data
  Cube)
• ?????????????????

21
????(Data mining)

• ????
• ????????????????????????????
• ??
• ??????????? - ???????????????????
• ???????????? - ?????????
• ??
• ????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????
• ?????????????,?????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ??????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????

22
?????????

• ??
• ????(Case-based reasoning) ??????????
• ?????(Neural computing) ??????, ??????
• ??????(Intelligent agents) ??????????????????????
  
• ?????(Association analysis) ?????????????????,??
  ??(items)??????
• ???(Decision trees)
• ?????(Genetic algorithms)
• ??
• ??(Classification)
• ??(Clustering)
• ?????(Association)
• ????(Sequencing)
• ??(Forecasting)
• ??(Regression)
• ????(Time Series)

23
??????

• ????(Text Mining)
• ????????????????????
• ???????????????????????(?????????????????)
• ????(Web Mining) ?web?????
• ????
• ????(??????????)
• ??(???????????)
• ????????????????(???????)
• ??????????????????
• ??
• ???????????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ????(Spatial Mining)
• ????(Temporal Mining)

24
???????

• ?????(Data Visualization)
• ????????????????????????????????????3D????????????
  ????????????
• ??????? - ????????????????????????
• ??
• ??????(Geographical Information System ,GIS)
• ??????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????,????????????????????,??
  ??????????????????,????????????
• ??????(Visual Interactive Modeling ,VIM)
• ???????????????????????????,?????????,????????????
  ????
• ??????(Visual Interactive Simulation ,VIS)
• ?????????????????????,????????
• ????(Virtual Reality,VR)
• ????????????????,??????????????
• ???????? (VRML)
• ?????????????????????????????,????????????????
• VRML??????????????????????????

25
????????????
26
????????????(?)
Continued
27
????(Knowledge Management, KM)

• ??(Knowledge)
• ??????/??(Intellectual capital/assets)
• ??????????????,?????????????????
• ????
• ????(Explicit Knowledge) ???????????????
• ????(Tacit knowledge) ??????????????????????????
• ????
• ????????????????????????????????????????
• ???(Chief Knowledge Officer ,CKO)
• ?????????????????????????,?????????????????
• ????(Community of practice)??????????????

28
??????(Knowledge management system, KMS)

• ??????
• ????????????????????????????????
• ?? - ???????????????????????????????????
• ????????
• ?????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????
• ?????????????????,???????
• ??????????????????????????,???????????????
• ?????????,?????????????
• ????????????????????????????????

29
?????????
30
???? -????

• ????(Communication technologies)
• ????????????,???????-????????
• ?????????????????????????????????
• ????(Collaboration technologies)
• ???????????
• ???????????????,?????????
• ???????(Storage and retrieval technologies)
• ????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????

31
?????????

• ????(Artificial intelligence)
• ??????????????????????(?????????)
• ??????(Intelligent Agents)
• ????????????????????????
• ?????????(Knowledge Discovery in Database, KDD)
• ??????????????????????
• ????(Data mining)
• ????(Model warehouses)
• XML (Extensible Markup Language)

32
??????
33
?????????