The Cold War

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The Cold War
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What was the Cold War?

• Intense political rivalry and mistrust between
  the U.S. and the Soviet Union
• No physical fighting between the 2 countries
• Various satellite wars (Korea, Vietnam) as the
  U.S. instituted its containment policy

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Yalta Conference

• February 1945 FDR, Churchill and Stalin planned
  for division of Germany
• Germany divided into four occupation zones
• East Soviet Union
• West France, Britain, and U.S.
• Berlin, the capital countries

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Marshall Plan

• June 1948
• Helped European nations reconstruct their cities
• Provided economic aid and vital supplies
• Central to policy of containment

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Berlin Blockade

• June 24, 1948
• Attempt by Joseph Stalin to stop aid to Berlin
• U.S. responded with the Berlin Airlift, dropping
  supplies into the city from planes
• Germany officially became 2 countries in 1949

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The Containment Policy

• American diplomat George Kennan proposed a
  foreign policy of containment
• The Truman Doctrine expanded the policy of
  containment by stating the U.S. would send aid to
  countries wanting democracy

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McCarthyism

• Senator Joseph McCarthy led a political hunt for
  communist infiltrators in America
• Targeted people in every walk of life, including
  the military.
• Ruined reputations of many people through
  blacklisting.
• Senate censured McCarthy in 1954 for unbecoming
  behavior.

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Race for Space

• Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first
  satellite in space in 1957
• America followed with Explorer I in 1958
• Yuri Gagarin in the Soviet Union was the first to
  orbit space in 1961
• John Glenn of the U.S. followed in 1963

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

• April 1949
• Mutual defense pact against Soviet aggression
• Soviet Union and other Communist government in
  Eastern Europe created the Warsaw Pact (1955)
• Defense alliance against Western countries
• Divided Europe into military camps and Soviet
  satellites

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Original Member Nations
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Current Member Nations
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The U.S. and the Cold War

• Korean War U.S. led effort by 20 nations to
  prevent the takeover of South Korea by Communist
  North Korea (September 1950)
• Cuban Missile Crisis (October 1962) forced the
  Soviets to remove nuclear missiles from Cuba
• Vietnam War U.S. became involved to stop
  communist North Vietnam from taking over South
  Vietnam