CPET 565 Mobile Computing Systems

1
CPET 565 Mobile Computing Systems

• Lecture 2
• Introduction to Wireless Communication and
  Networking (2)
• Hongli Luo
• Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne

2
Wireless Networking

• WAN Wide Area Network
• MAN Metro Area Network
• LAN Local Area Network
• PAN Personal Area Network

3
Wireless Networking Technologies

• Satellite (WAN)
• Microwave (MAN)
• WiMax - Broadband Wireless (MAN)
• 802.16 standard
• Cellular (WAN)
• Wireless LANs (WLAN) Wi-Fi
• 802.11 standards
• Bluetooth (Wireless PAN)
• IrDA (Infrared Data Association)
• Wireless point-to-point PAN
• Sensor Network
• 802.15.4 Standard
• ZigBee a protocol for sensor network

4
Bluetooth Goals

• Personal area networks operate over small areas
  within rooms and buildings
• Provide small, low-cost, low-powered,
  short-ranged communications
• Low speeds of less than 1 Mbps over distance of
  up to 10 meters (32.8 feet).
• Personal (short-range) ad-hoc networks
• Device communication and cooperation
• Provide wireless communication between computers
  and peripherals, supports wireless peripherals
  for mobile handsets
• Communication between PDA and computer, between
  cell phones and computer
• wireless keyboard, mouse, headsets
• Not really intended as a wireless LAN technology,
  but its being used as such

5
RFID

• Radio Frequency Identification
• A non-line-of sight wireless technology used to
  control, detect and track objects
• RFID systems composed of
• Readers, or interrogators
• Tags, or transponders with integrated antennas on
  chips

6
RFID

• Transponders
• Active transponders have batteries, more costly
• Passive transponders
• no battery, the size of a dime,
• require an external source to provoke signal
  transmission
• Transponders have unique codes, identifiers
  either present at the factory or user set
• Readers broadcast radio signals to detect
  transponders, collect identifying codes, and
  transmit them to database

7
RFID applications

• Retailing track inventory levels
• Agriculture
• Transportation automate toll collection with
  readers at tollbooths
• Healthcare - track assets
• Security RFID chips on new passports

8
Wireless sensor node

• Low-power processor.
• Limited processing.
• Memory.
• Limited storage.
• Radio.
• Low-power.
• Low data rate.
• Limited range.
• Sensors.
• Scalar sensors temperature, light, etc.
• Cameras, microphones.
• Power.
• Batteries or passive power source

P O W E R
Sensors
Storage
Processor
Radio
WSN device schematics
9
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

• WSN consists of spatially distributed autonomous
  sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or
  environmental conditions, such as temperature,
  sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants
• Sensor networks 802.15.4 Standard
• Protocol for sensor network - Zigbee
• Applications
• Military applications
• Tracking, detection of biological or chemical
  weapons, improved battlefield communications
• Medical applications
• Industrial applications
• Tracking, RFID tags
• Environmental applications
• Environment monitoring, wildlife monitoring

10
Examples of WSN Platforms
PC-104(off-the-shelf)
UCLA TAG (Girod)
UCB Mote (Pister/Culler)
11
Mobile Networking Infrastructures

• Wireless Mobile Networking An Introduction
• Infrastructure Network Topology
• Ad Hoc Network Topology

12
Wireless Mobile Networking

• Infrastructure Network Topology
• Fixed infrastructure with Wide Area Network
  coverage
• Mobile ? Mobile devices
• Mobile ? Fixed Computer Node
• Mobile device ? Servers

13
Wireless Mobile Networking (cont.)

• Infrastructure Network Topology (WAN Access)
• Fiber-to-the-House, Cable Modem, DSL, Dial-up
• Wireless Access Points/Routers
• Wired Routers
• LAN, WLAN, WiMAX

14
Wireless Mobile Networking (cont.)

• Ad Hoc Network Topology
• Single-Hop Peer-to-Peer
• Multi-hop Ad Hoc Network
• Without access
• point

15
Wireless Mobile Networking (cont.)

• Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) Routing Protocols
• RFC2501, RFC3561, RFC3626
• RFC3684
• MANET Charter, http//www.ietf.org/html.charters/m
  anet-charter.html,
• http//www3.ietf.org/proceedings/05mar/manet.html
  
• MANET Internet Drafts, http//bgp.potaroo.net/iet
  f/html/ids-wg-manet.html,
• http//ietfreport.isoc.org/ids-wg-manet.html
• National Institute of Standards, MANET Projects,
  http//w3.antd.nist.gov/wctg/manet/manet.html
• OPNET MANET Discrete Event Simulation,
  http//www.opnet.com/products/library/MANET.html