The Crusades

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The Crusades

• Global History Honors Spiconardi

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Reasons for the Crusades

• Pope wanted to increase his power
• Christians believed they could gain salvation
  (entry into Heaven) if they fought
• Control of Jerusalem

• Nobles saw land opportunities to start their own
  kingdoms
• Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression
• Adventure

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Bernard of Clairvaux the Second Crusade

• The First Crusade was moderately successful
• Historians believe this was due to infighting
  among Sunni and Shiite Muslims
• Latin states were established in Antioch, Edessa,
  and Jerusalem
• Muslims Jews slaughtered
• Native Christians kicked out

• In 1145, Edessa is recaptured by Muslims
• A call for a new crusade goes out
• No popular enthusiasm for a second crusade
• Pope Eugene commissions a monk, Bernard of
  Clairvaux, to preach the Second Crusade
• He is successful in recruiting kings to take
  arms, but

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Bernard of Clairvaux the Second Crusade
The Second Crusade is a complete failure
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The Third Crusade (1189 1192)

• Saladin
• United a great deal of the Muslim world under the
  practices of Sunni Islam (becomes sultan of Egypt
  and Syria)
• Well respected by Christians
• Seen as fair chivalrous
• Often freed Christian prisoners
• Captures most Crusader cities in response to
  raids on Muslims by Raynald, a knight and Prince
  of Antioch

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The Third Crusade (1189 1192)

• Siege of Jerusalem (1187)
• Saladin offers a peaceful surrender of the city
• Balian, the highest ranking lord in Jerusalem, is
  convinced by citizens to not surrender fight
  back

• After 13 days of fighting, Balian surrenders
  hands over keys of Jerusalem's citadel to Saladin
• The fall of Jerusalem inspires the Third Crusade

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The Third Crusade (1189 1192)

• The Christians
• Richard The Lionheart, King of England
• Anti-Semitic
• Slaughtered 2700 Muslims at Acre
• Frederick of Barbarosa, Holy Roman Emperor
• Philip II, King of France

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The Third Crusade (1189 1192)

• Outcome
• Richard becomes leader of crusade after
  Fredericks death Philips return to France
• Needed to return to England to deal w/his
  brothers planned usurpation
• Negotiates a peace with Saladin that would allow
  Christian pilgrims safe passage to Jerusalem
• Once again, it was a failure for Christians

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The Childrens Crusade

• The Childrens Crusade ? Thousands of children
  were set out to the Holy land with no arms.
• Believed God would give them Jerusalem
• Children die of cold, starvation or drowning
• Some were sold into slavery

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Impact of the Crusades

• Despite being a failure for the Christians
• Returning crusaders inspire interest in the East
• Trade increases Cultural Diffusion
• Increase in religious intolerance
• New Religious Orders Founded
• Templars ? protect pilgrims traveling to Holy
  Land
• Hospitalers ? cared for sick pilgrims
• Kings power increases as Nobles power decreases
• Feudalism weakened
• Rent is paid instead of services provided

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• Identify 3 effects of the crusades
• Identify 2 causes of the crusades
• Identify 1 difference between the First Crusade
  and the Second Third Crusades