America Moves Toward War

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America Moves Toward War

• World War Looms 4

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I. The United States Musters its Forces

• A. Moving cautiously away from neutrality.
• 1. The cash-carry policy allowed the U.S. to
  provide arms and supplies to countries that paid
  them cash.

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• B. The Axis Threat
• 1. The Tripartite Pact between Germany, Italy,
  and Japan, a mutual defense treaty was designed
  to prevent the U.S. from joining the war.
• 2. They became known as the Axis Powers.

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• C. Building U.S. Defenses
• 1. The Selective Training and Service drafted 16
  million men between the ages of 21 to 35 to join
  the army in case of a war.
• 2. Roosevelt ran and won an unprecedented 3rd
  term as president by defeating Wendell Wilkie.

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II. The Great Arsenal of Democracy

• A. The Lend-Lease Plan
• 1. The U.S. would lend or lease arms and
  supplies to any country whose defense was vital
  to the United States.
• 2. Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act in March
  1941.
• 3. FDR even sent arms and supplies to Stalin
  because Hitler had invaded the Soviet Union.

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Winston Churchill

• If Hitler invaded Hell, the British would be
  prepared to work with the devil himself.

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• B. German Wolf Packs
• 1. Groups of German U-boats or submarines sank
  as much as 350,000 tons of U.S. shipping a month.
• 2. However, by 1943 submarines attacks were
  contained because of the use of radar and sonar.
• 3. U-Boats were known as the rattlesnakes of
  the Atlantic.

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III. FDR Plans For War

• A. The Atlantic Charter
• 1. With Great Britain, FDR signed a joint
  declaration of war aims and declared the
  following collective security, disarmament,
  self-determination, economic cooperation, and
  freedom of the seas.
• 2. The declaration was signed by 26 nations and
  they became known as the Allies.
• 3. FDR then ordered U.S. ships to shoot on sight
  if they saw a German U-Boat.
• 4. Became the basis of the United Nations.

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• B. The Four Freedoms Speech
• 1. FDR proposed four points as fundamental
  freedoms humans "everywhere in the world" ought
  to enjoy.
• 1. Freedom of Speech and Expression.
• 2. Freedom of Religion
• 3. Freedom from Want
• 4. Freedom from Fear
• Set out a vision for a world in which war would
  be less likely.
• The Atlantic Charter was built on the ideas in
  the Four Freedoms speech.

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Four Freedoms
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IV. Japan Attacks the United States

• A. Japans ambitions in the Pacific.
• 1. General Hideki Tojo Chief of Staff led
  Japans army in conquering all of Eastern Asia.
• 2. After Japan had conquered French Indochina
  the U.S. stopped selling Japan oil.
• 3. After breaking Japans secret code th U.S.
  learned that Japan would attack and on December
  6, FDR got a decoded message that Japan was to
  reject all American peace proposals

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• B. The Attack on Pearl Harbor
• 1. On the morning of Dec, 7, 1941 Japan launched
  a surprise attack.
• 2. 2,403 Americans were killed, 1,178 were
  wounded, sunk or damaged 21 ships including 8
  battleships, and more than 300 aircraft were
  damaged.
• 3. A day that will live in infamy.
• 4. Even isolationists wanted war.

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Burton Wheeler

• The only thing now to do is to lick the hell out
  of them.