Cholesterol

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Cholesterol

• Smetalová Dagmar
• Franková Tamara

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Structure

• Cholesterol has a molecular formula C27H45OH.
• This molecule is composed of three regions
  (shown in the picture)
• a hydrocarbon tail (shown in blue)
• a ring structure region with 4 hydrocarbon rings
  (shown in green)
• a hydroxyl group (shown in red)
• Cholesterol is a sterol
• (a combination of steroid and alcohol) and a
  lipid found in the cell membranes of all body
  tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of
  all animals.

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Function of cholesterol

• is required to build and maintain cell
• membranes
• aids in the manufacture of bile (which
• helps digest fats)
• is important for the metabolism of fat
• soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E and K)

• is the major precursor for the synthesis of
  vitamin D and of the various steroid hormones
  (cortisol and aldosterone in the adrenal glands,
  sex hormones progesterone, estrogen, and
  testosterone)
• further recent research shows that cholesterol
  has an important role for the brain synapses as
  well as in the immune system, including
  protecting against cancer

digest trávit adrenal glands - nadledvinky
required nutný maintain udržovat bile - žluc
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• Cholesterol is made of two kinds of cholesterol
• LDL low-density lipoprotein is the bad
• cholesterol
• HDL high-density lipoprotein is the good
• cholesterol
• HDLs differ from LDLs both in composition and
  function. HDLs consist of 40-55 protein and LDLs
  consist of 20-25 protein. The rest of the
  lipoproteins are lipids, so LDLs are much richer
  in lipids than HDLs.

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Why is LDL cholesterol considered "bad"?

• When too much LDL cholesterol circulates in the
  blood, it can slowly build up in the inner walls
  of the arteries that feed the heart and brain.
  Together with other substances it can form
  plaque, a thick, hard deposit that can clog those
  arteries. This condition is known as
  atherosclerosis. If a clot forms and blocks a
  narrowed artery, it can cause a heart attack or
  stroke.

considered považovaný build up usazovat
se deposit usazenina clog ucpat clot -
sraženina heart attack infarkt stroke - mrtvice
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Why is HDL cholesterol considered "good"?

• About one-third to one-fourth of blood
  cholesterol is carried by high-density
  lipoprotein (HDL). HDL cholesterol is known as
  the "good" cholesterol because a high level of it
  seems to protect against heart attack. Medical
  experts think that HDL tends to carry cholesterol
  away from the arteries and back to the liver,
  where it's passed from the body. Some experts
  believe that HDL removes excess
  cholesterol from plaque in arteries, thus slowing
  the buildup.

excess nadbytek buildup - nahromadení
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Top Twenty Foods High in Cholesterol
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Test your Cholesterol IQ

• Take this simple quiz...

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• 1. Most of your blood cholesterol is produced by
• a.) Your liver
• b.) Your pancreas
• c.) Food consumption
• d.) Your kidneys
• a.) Your liver. Your liver produces about 1,000
  mg of cholesterol a day - all the cholesterol
  your body needs. Another 200 to 500 mg can come
  from the food you eat.

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• 2. Only adults need to have their cholesterol
  checked. Children can't have high cholesterol.
• a.) True
• b.) False
• b.) False. Compelling evidence shows that the
  atherosclerotic process starts in childhood and
  progresses slowly into adulthood. Children from
  high-risk families (parents with high
  cholesterol, or parents or grandparents with
  heart disease at 55 years or younger) should have
  their cholesterol levels tested.

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• 3. All I really need to know is my total blood
  cholesterol number.
• a.) True
• b.) False
• b.) False. Your blood cholesterol is made up LDL
  bad cholesterol and HDL good cholesterol. You
  need to know triglyceride level, too.
  Triglyceride is a form of fat. It is made in your
  body and also comes from food. People with high
  triglycerides often have high total cholesterol,
  high LDL cholesterol and a low HDL cholesterol
  level.

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• 4. You know you have high cholesterol when
• a.) You have a lot of headaches
• b.) You start to gain weight.
• c.) Your blood pressure is high
• d.) You have it checked by a doctor
• d.) You have it checked by a doctor. High
  cholesterol has no symptoms, so the only way to
  know your cholesterol levels is by having them
  checked

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• 5. If I have high cholesterol, the only thing I
  can do about it is take medication.
• a.) True
• b.) False
• b.) False. First and foremost you should check
  your lifestyle habits. Are you a smoker? Do you
  eat too much saturated fat or cholesterol? Are
  you physically inactive? All of these factors can
  affect your cholesterol levels.

More question at www.americanheart.org
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Sources

• http//en.wikipedia.org
• http//www.cholesterol-and-health.com
• http//www.americanheart.org
• http//www.shodor.org

Thank you for your attention!