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Ecozones of the Ontario Region

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Title: Ecozones of the Ontario Region


1
Ecozones of the Ontario Region
By Stephanie Paolone and Ben Clarke
2
Ecozones in Ontario
  • There are three Ecozone regions in Ontario
  • Hudson Plains
  • Boreal Shield
  • Mixedwood Plains

3
Introduction
  • Canada is made up of fifteen terrestrial
    ecozones
  • Three of these ecozones are found in the Ontario
    Region
  • The Boreal Shield stretches 3 800 km from
    Newfoundland to Alberta and
    includes parts
    of six provinces
  • It holds 20 of Canadas land mass and
    10 of its fresh
    water
  • The Hudson Plains ecozone extends from
    northern Ontario into
    northeastern Manitoba
    and western Québec
  • The Mixedwood Plains have become the commercial
    and industrial heartland of Canada interlaced
    with national and international transportation
    routes

4
Hudson Plains Ecozone
  • This ecozone is centered in the northern Ontario
    region
  • There are low- lying swampy plains, which are
    poorly drained
  • The landscape rarely rises above
    120 m in
    elevation
  • Change in elevation in the belt of raised beaches
    where glaciers from
    the last ice age are
    rebounding the land
  • The north has few trees due to the generally
    cool climate
  • The forest is dense in the south with a sparser
    vegetation such as white
    and black spruce and tamarack
  • Wet areas produce moss, lichen and sedges

5
  • Moderately long, cold winters to moderately
    short, cool summers
  • The soils in this ecozone are poorly developed
    organic and permafrost
  • The Human activities include trapping, hunting
    and recreation
  • This ecozone has a very low population totaling
    only 10 000 residents
  • The precipitation rate ranges from 400 to 700 mm
  • There is a growing season in this ecozone of 90
    to 150 days

6
(No Transcript)
7
Boreal Shield
  • This ecozone covers most of the Ontario region
    and is the largest of the fifteen regions in
    Canada
  • It is where the Canadian Shield and the Boreal
    Forest overlap
  • Millions of ponds, lakes and wetlands are in
    this ecozone, which were left by the glaciers
  • About 80 of the land is covered in Jack Pine,
    White and Black Spruce,
    and Balsam Fir forests
  • Human activities include recreation, tourism,
    forestry and mining
  • Soils are heavily leached, and have bare rock
    and swampy areas
  • this ecozone experiences short warm summers and
    long cold winters, which are moderated along the
    Great Lakes

8
Mixedwood Plains
  • This ecozone is found in the south of Ontario
    and covers the lower Great Lakes St. Lawrence
    River Valley
  • It is the smallest terrestrial ecozone in Canada
  • This region has extensive waterways, rolling
    plains and leached, wet climate soils with a warm
    growing season
  • Due to the Great Lakes this region has abundant
    fresh water resources and rainfall
  • Cool, short winters with relatively
    long, mild summers

9
  • The Mixedwood Plains is part of the Deciduous and
    Mixed forests containing maple, birch oak elm and
    pine trees
  • However, little of the original forests remain
    due to urbanization
  • Some wildlife, such as squirrels, raccoons and
    groundhogs are able to adapt to the man-made
    changes
  • Human activities in this region include
    manufacturing, agriculture due to fertile soils
    and urbanizing because of
    the large number of major
    cities in Canada
  • This ecozone houses almost half
    of
    Canadas population

10
Conclusion
  • The province of Ontario occupies three of the
    fifteen ecozones in Canada
  • The Hudson Plain ecozone in the north has swampy
    plains and poor drainage
  • The Boreal Shield covers most of the region with
    numerous ponds, lakes and wetlands left by the
    glacial age
  • The Mixedwood Plains ecozone found in southern
    Ontario is the smallest ecozone in Canada
  • This ecozone has fertile soil with a warm
    growing season
  • Most of the the urbanization and
    industrialization of Ontario is found in this
    region
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