Early Greece

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Early Greece
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GEOGRAPHY
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Minoans

• Minoans (2000-1400 BC)
• Island of Crete Knossos
• Sir Arthur Evans (1898-1935) Excavations
• Knossos 706,000 sq feet
• 5,000 inhabitants
• Social, political, economic, religious center.
• Plumbing/No Defensive Walls

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Mycenaeans

• Myceneans (2000-1200 BC)
• Mainland Greece
• Defeat Minoans 1400s (Era of dominance
  1400-1200 BC) - Warrior Kings (20 ft. thick
  walls)
• Defeated by the Dorians 1200 BC
• Trojan War 1100 BC
• Homer Iliad Odyssey
• Epic Poet or Historian?

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Dorians

• Dorians Dark Ages (1150-750 BC)
• Little is known in archaeological records.
• NO trade
• NO written communication
• Little Technology
• Formation of City-States
• Polis A city-state of ancient Greece.
• Acropolis A walled, high area surrounding a
  polis.
• Agora An open area that served as a meeting
  place and market.

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The Classical Age of Greece

• Golden Age of Athens, Persian Wars, and the
  Peloponnesian War

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ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY

• Solon Revised laws. Outlawed debt slavery and
  tried to reduce poverty by encouraging trade.
• Cleisthenes Divided Athens into 10 tribes that
  became the basis for elections. (Credited for
  creating Democracy)
• Democracy?Really?
• Women, children, immigrants, slaves could NOT
  particpate.
• 10 of population participated.
• Athens used a Direct Democracy where people voted
  directly on issues.
• Why not used in United States?

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Persian Wars

• First Persian Invasion
• Marathon (Phalanx)
• Athens beats Persia (Darius).
• Second Persian Invasion
• Thermopylae
• Small Greek force held back large Persian force
  for 3 days. (Xerxes)
• Salamis (Naval Battle)
• Persia lost and were stuck in Greece.
• Greece Wins Persian Wars!

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Golden Age of Athens

• Athens Delian League
• Alliance of Greek city-states that was controlled
  by Athens.
• Parthenon was built from from Delian League.
• Pericles
• Skilled politician who encouraged the spreading
  of democracy.
• Commissioned the building of the Parthenon.

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ACROPOLIS
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PARTHENON
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TEMPLE OF ATHENA NIKE
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ERECTHEION
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Age of Alexander

• Philip II, the Rise and Fall of Alexander the
  Great, Hellenism

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Philip II of Macedonia

• Macedonians thought of themselves as Greeks, but
  Greeks saw them as inferior.
• Philip II
• Phalanx
• 16 x 16 (18 ft. pikes)
• Calvalry
• Demosthenes
• Gave warning to the Greeks, but to no avail.
• Philip defeats Greece at Chaeronea and then wants
  to take on Persia.
• But he is assassinated.

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What makes a great leader?

• You are to get into groups of 3-4 students.
• Come up with 5 traits and list them in order of
  importance.
• 1 Being the most important.
• You must come to an agreement as a group.
• You have 10 minutes to make your list.

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Alexander Defeats Persia

• Philips son Alexander proclaims himself king of
  Macedonia.
• Becomes known as Alexander the Great (13 years
  many accomplishments).
• Alexander vs. Persian King Darius III
• Peace offer by Darius.
• Ambitious Alexander declines.
• Darius his army flees after defeat.
• Alexander turns to Egypt (Persian territory).
• Welcomed as a liberator crowned pharaoh.

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Alexander Defeats Persia More

• Alexander turns to Mesopotamia to confront
  Darius.
• Battle at Gaugamela. Darius again panicked and
  fled.
• Opened up Persias wealthiest provinces to
  Alexander.
• Distributed wealth among his troops.
• Alexander continues into Persias Asian provinces
  to confront Darius.
• Darius was already dead. Assassinated by one of
  his own.
• Indus River Valley Won a fierce battle (200
  elephants).

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Alexander His Legacy

• Alexanders Army marched 11,000 miles and fought
  for 11 years.

Alexander was to return home to organize and
unify his empire. (Roads, New Cities, Harbors).
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Alexanders Legacy

• Generals Fight for Control
• Antigonus (King of Macedonia)
• Ptolemy (Pharaoh of Egypt)
• Seleucus (Persian Empire)

• Hellenistic Culture
  Blending of cultures.
  
• Egyptian
• Persian
• Greek
• Indian

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Pergamum A Hellenistic City