Nobel Laureates contributing to X-ray, diffraction and crystallography

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Nobel Laureates contributing to X-ray,
diffraction and crystallography
Insulin crystals
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WILHELM CONRAD RÖNTGEN (1845-1923)

• 1901 Nobel Laureate in Physics
• in recognition of the extraordinary services
  he has rendered by the discovery of the
  remarkable rays subsequently named after him.

http//www.resonancepub.com/wroentgen.htm
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MAX VON LAUE (1879-1960)

• 1914 Nobel Laureate in Physics
• His best known work, however, for which he
  received the Nobel Prize for Physics for 1914,
  was his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays on
  crystals.

http//nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1914/laue-
bio.html
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SIR WILLIAM HENRY BRAGG (1862-1942)SIR WILLIAM
LAWRENCE BRAGG (1890-1971)

• 1915 Nobel Laureate in Physics
• for their services in the analysis of crystal
  structure by means of X-rays.

http//nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1915/wh-br
agg-bio.html
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CLINTON JOSEPH DAVISSON (1881-1958)SIR GEORGE
PAGET THOMSON (1892-1975) son of J. J. Thomson

• 1937 Nobel Laureate in Physics
• for their experimental discovery of the
  diffraction of electrons by crystals.

http//nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1937/davis
son-bio.html
http//nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1937/thoms
on-bio.html
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FRANCIS HARRY COMPTON CRICK (19162004)JAMES
DEWEY WATSON (1928)MAURICE HUGH FREDERICK
WILKINS (19162004)

• 1962 Nobel Laureate in Medicine
• for their discoveries concerning the molecular
  structure of nuclear acids and its significance
  for information transfer in living material.

Rosalind Franklin (19201958)
Maurice Wilkins
James Watson and Francis Crick
http//www.chemheritage.org/classroom/chemach/phar
maceuticals/watson-crick.html
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Controversial statements of James D. Watson

• Stupidity is a disease and the "really stupid"
  bottom 10 of people should be cured and that all
  women should be genetically engineered to be
  pretty.
• Whenever you interview fat people, you feel bad,
  because you know you're not going to hire them.
• If the gene (for homosexuality) were discovered
  and a woman decided not to give birth to a child
  that may have a tendency to become homosexual,
  she should be able to abort the fetus.

An Asshole can be smart.
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DOROTHY CROWFOOT HODGKIN (1910-1994)
vitamin B12
insulin
penicillin

• 1964 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry
• for her determinations by X-ray techniques of
  the structures of important biochemical
  substances.

http//nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1964/hod
gkin-bio.html http//almaz.com/nobel/chemistry/dch
.html
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SIR AARON KLUG (1926)

• 1982 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry
• for his development of crystallographic
  electron microscopy and his structural
  elucidation of biologically important nuclei
  acid-protein complexes.

http//nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1982/klu
g-autobio.html http//www.geocities.com/n21dh/klug
-autobio.html
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HERBERT A. HAUPTMAN (1917)JEROME KARLE (1918)

• 1985 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry
• for their outstanding achievements in the
  development of direct methods to solve the phase
  problems for the determination of crystal
  structures.

http//nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1985/kar
le-autobio.html http//nobelprize.org/chemistry/la
ureates/1985/hauptman-autobio.html
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CLIFFORD G. SHULL (1915)

• 1994 Nobel Laureate in Physics
• for the development of the neutron diffraction
  technique.

http//nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1994/shull
-autobio.html
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Roger D. Kornberg(1947)

• 2006 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry
• "for his studies of the molecular basis of
  eukaryotic transcription" which explains the
  process by which genetic information from DNA is
  copied to RNA, by using X-ray crystallography to
  solve the 3-dimensional structure of RNA
  polymerase at atomic resolution.

Structural Basis of Transcription An RNA
Polymerase II Elongation Complex at
3.3 Å Resolution Averell L. Gnatt, Patrick
Cramer, Jianhua Fu, David A. Bushnell, and Roger
D. KornbergScience 8 June 2001 1876-1882. (PDF)