????????? ????????

1
????????? ???????? ????

• ?.???????? ????????????? ????????
• ???? 4 ????, ?? 2 ???, ???(???)
• ????? 2013

2
?????? ????

• ?????-???????? ??????????????
• ???????????? ???? (??????-???)
• ??????????????

3
???????? ?????

• N ?????????? ??????
• ????????????? ???????? ?????? P(k) ???????????
  ????, ??? ? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? k ?????
• ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? L

4
????????? ????

• ????????????? ????????????? P(k) exp(-?) ?k /
  k!
• ??????? ??????-????? ??????? ???????
  ????????????? ?????????? ??????????
• ??????? ????? ???? log N

5
scale-free network

• P(k) k?
• ?gt3 ?????? ??????????
• 2lt?lt3 hubs, ????????
• ?2 ??????? hub, ??????????? ? ??????? ?????
  ??????
• ??? ?lt3 ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????
  ????, ???????? hub? ?????????
• ??????? ????? ???? (??? 2lt?lt3) log log N

6
Random and scale-free P(k) (linear and log
scales)
7
??????-????? ??????-???????

• ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????

8
???????

• ?????-???????? ??????????????
• ????????????? ??????
• ????????? ????????????
• ?????????????? ????

9
Yeast protein interaction network

• Data from the high-throughput two-hybrid
  experiment (T. Ito, et al. PNAS (2001) )
• The full set containing 4549 interactions among
  3278 yeast proteins
• 87 nodes in the largest component
• The highest connected protein interacts with 285
  others!
• Figure shows only nuclear proteins

10
(No Transcript)
11
?????????? ?????????? ? ????? ?????-????????
?????????????? ? ???????

• ??????? ????????? ???????
• ????????? ????????? ????
• ?????? ??????????
• ??????? ??????????? ???????

12
?????-???????? ?????????????? ? ??????? P(k) ?
??????? ??????? ?????????
13
Synthetic lethals in yeast
14
Rank vs. degree for metabolites and reactions in
Helicobacter pylori
15
Transcription regulatory network in bakers
yeast

• Downloaded from the YPD database 1276
  regulations among 682 proteins by 125
  transcription factors (10 regulated genes per TF)
• Part of a bigger genetic regulatory network of
  1772 regulations among 908 proteins
• Positive to negative ratio 31
• Broader distribution of out-degrees (up to 72)
  and more narrow of in-degrees (up to 21)

16
????????? ???????????? (??????, ChIP-chip)

• A in-degree (???????????? ???????????? ?????)
  ??????????? (? ??????????????????? ???????????)
  ?????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ??????
  ??????????? ???????????????? ????????????? (?
  ??????????? ????? ???? ???????????). ??????
  ?????? ????????? ????
• ? out-degree (???????????? ????????)
  ??????????? ?????????? ????????, ???????????
  ???????? ?????????? ?????????? scale-free

17
Transcription regulatory network in Homo Sapiens

• Data courtesy of Ariadne Genomics obtained from
  the literature search 1449 regulations among 689
  proteins
• Positive to negative ratio is 31 (again!)
• Broader distribution of out-degrees (up to 95)
  and more narrow of in-degrees (up to 40)

18
Transcription regulatory network in E. coli

• Data (courtesy of Uri Alon) was curated from the
  Regulon database 606 interactions between 424
  operons (by 116 TFs)
• Positive to negative ratio is 32 (different from
  eukaryots!)
• Broader distribution of out-degrees (up to 85)
  and more narrow of in-degrees (only up to 6 !)

19
??????????? ??????????????? ? ???????? ??????? ??
?????????

• ??????
• 10 genes with lt5 links are essential
• gt60 genes with gt15 links are essential
• ???? ? ??????? ?????? ??????
• ? ??????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ?
  ?????????????? ??????????
• ????? ? ????????? ?? C. elegans

20
party hubs ? date hubs

• ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????
  ??????????
• ??????? hubs
• ??????? non-hubs
• ?????? ????????? ????
• Party hubs ??? ? ?????? ??-???????????????
  (?????????)
• Date hub ??? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????????
  (?????????? ????)

21
???????????? ? ????? (?????????? ??????????
??????????)?????? ???? party hubs

• ??????? ????? ?? party hubs
• ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ????
• ??????? ????? ?? date hubs
• ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????

22
??????

• ?????
• ????? ? ?????? ?????-???????? ??????????????
  (????-????. ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????????)
• ???????? ????????????? ?????????, ?????????????
  ??????????? ????, ??? ? ????????? ????? (? ????
  ?? ??????????)

23
???????????? ??????

• R ???????????????? ?????????
• ? ??-??????????

24

• R ???????????????? ?????????
• ? ?????-???????? ??????????????
• ? ?????????

25
??????????? ???????? ????????????

• R ???????????????? ?????????
• ? ?????-???????? ??????????????
• ? ?????????

26

• R ???????????????? ?????????
• ? ?????-???????? ??????????????
• ? ??-??????????
• ? ?????????

27
????????

• R ???????????????? ?????????
• ? ?????-???????? ??????????????
• ? ??-??????????
• ? ?????????

28

• ? ?????-???????? ??????????????
• ? ??-??????????

29
??-?????????? ? ??????????

• ? ?????-???????? ??????????????
• ? ??-??????????

30

• S ????????????? ?????? (????????)
• ? ?????????

31
?????????????????? ????????? (?)

• S ????????????? ?????? (????????)
• ? ?????????

32
?????????????? ????????? (?)

• S ????????????? ?????? (????????)
• ? ?????????
• ? ?????-???????? ??????????????
• ? ??-??????????

33
????????? ?????? ??????????????????
34
????????? ???????????? ? E.coli

• ????? ??? bi-fan ?????? ??????? ???? ? ??????

35
????????

• rich get richer
• ??????????
• ????????? ????????/???????????? ?????

36
(No Transcript)