Ch. 9 Civil War

1
Ch. 9 Civil War

• Section 2 The Early Stages
• Key (U) Union, (C) Confederate

2
Mobilizing the Troops

• Lincoln under pressure to strike quickly
• Confederate troops were gathering 25mi. south
  (Manassas Junction)
• Union pushed (C) back Bull Run
• South reinforcements came in under Thomas J.
  Jackson Stonewall
• Union fell back
• (U) defeated at the 1st battle of Bull Run
• Significance Pointed out (U) needed a well
  trained army
• 1863 congress introduced a national draft

3
Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas)July, 1861
4
The Naval War

• Union Navy became operational against the south
• 1861 Lincoln proclaimed a blockade of Confederate
  Ports
• 1862 Union sealed off every major S. Harbor along
  Atlantic Coast except Charleston SC and
  Wilmington NC
• Blockade
• (blockade runners) small fast vessels the south
  used to smuggle goods past the blockade usually
  at night
• Blockade effective as time passed-Union vessels
  were thinly spread and found it difficult to stop
  runners
• (C) ships in foreign ports attacked N. merchant
  ships at sea
• Alabama and Florida-destroyed 28 merchant ships
• Captured 64 ships before a (U) warship sank it
  off the coast of France 1864

5
Farragut Captures New Orleans

• (U) was preparing to seize New Orleans and gain
  control of the Lower Mississippi
• Feb. 1862 David Farragut took command of (U)
  forces led by Gen. Benjamin Butler
• Bombarded S. forts with no success
• At 2am April 24,1862 ships headed up river,
  single file, exposing themselves to attack- all
  but four ships survived
• April 25, 1862 he arrived at New Orleans-
  Butlers troops took control of the city
• Significance Souths largest city-center of
  cotton trade

6
The Monitor vs.the Merrimac
The Battle of the Ironclads,March, 1862
7
The War in the West

• Grant began a campaign to seize control of two
  rivers the Cumberland River and Tennessee River
• Control of the two would give (U) a route deep
  into (C) territory
• 1st Grant seized Ft. Henry, surrounded Ft.
  Donelson and Ft. Henry
• Shiloh
• Grants next move was to seize Corinth
  Mississippi
• Would cut the only rail line connecting
  Mississippi and W. Tennessee
• April 6,1862 (C) launched a surprise attack on
  Grants troops near Shiloh (sm. Church)
• Grant raced to battle (U) forced back-rushed
  rushed around battlefield and assembled a
  defensive line fighting off repeated (C) attacks
• Grants commanders advised him to retreat-he
  refused-went on the offensive the next day
• Shiloh shocked people-20,000 were killed or
  wounded

8
War in the West

• Murfreesboro
• (C) troops evacuated-shifted east by railroad to
  Chattanooga placed under command of Braxton
  Bragg-into Kentucky
• Kentucky invasion failed-stopped at the Battle of
  Perryville
• Buell (U) ordered to seize Chattanooga
• He was slow-Lincoln fired him-replaced with
  Rosecrans (U) lines fell back-ended
  inconclusively
• 4 days later Bragg retreated

9
The War in the East

• Major campaign to capture Richmond
• General George McClellan lead (U) army
• Moved his troops by ship to the mouth of the
  James River
• Cautious-unwilling to attack without overwhelming
  strength
• Mistake 1-took to long to capture Yorktown-(C)
  had time to move into position at Richmond
• Mistake 2-allowed his forces to be divided by
  Chickahominy River
• (C) Johnston- attacked, inflicted heavy
  casualties
• He was wounded put Lee in command
• June 1862 Lee begins Seven Days Battle
• Heavy casualties-forced McClellan to retreat
• Lincoln ordered withdrawal

10
The War in the East

• Second Battle of Bull Run
• McClellan withdrew-Lee decided to attack near
  Washington
• Led to another Bull Run
• South forced north to retreat-Lee crossed into
  Maryland began attack on North
• Battle of Antietam
• Jefferson Davis and Robert E. Lee decided an
  invasion would result in North accepting Southern
  independence, British recognition and support and
  Peace Democrats winning a midterm election
• September 17, 1862-McClellan order his troops to
  attack
• Bloodiest 1 day battle
• (U) inflicted so many casualties Lee forced to
  retreat
• Crucial victory for (U)

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September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties
12
Emancipation Proclamation

• Democrats opposed to ending slavery
• Republicans divided
• Many abolitionists
• Others thought it risky
• North began thinking slavery had to end b/c it
  would punish the south and justify soldiers
  sacrifices
• Lincoln said if the (U) drove the south from
  north soil he would issue a proclamation
• Sept. 22, 1862 Lincoln publicly announced
  Emancipation Proclamation
• Only freed slaves in the states at war with the
  Union
• Transferred the War into a war of liberation

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Emancipation in 1863