A Review of Glycolysis

1
A Review of Glycolysis
2
Pyruvate Branch Point
3
A Review of Glycolysis
4
Net Reaction of Glycolysis
5
Regeneration of NAD from NADH
6
Regeneration of NAD from NADH
7
Fates of Pyruvate
8
Lactate DH and Regeneration of NADH
?Gº? 25.1 kJ/mol
9
Lactate from Pyruvate
10
Inefficient Anaerobic Metabolism
?Gº?
11
Inefficient Anaerobic Metabolism

• Anaerobic muscle
• Sprinter, alligator, rhino, dinosaur
• Erythrocytes
• Deep sea animals
• Anaerobic bacteria
• Blood-living parasites
• Trypanosomes

12
Alcohol Fermentation in Yeast
13
Industrial Fermentations

• Starch
• Butanol
• Acetone
• Starch, molasses
• Methanol
• Ethanol
• Formic Acid
• Glycerol

14
Industrial Fermentations

• Grape sugar
• Wine
• Champagne (CO2)
• Milk sugar
• Yogurt
• Cabbage
• Sauerkraut

15
Industrial Fermentations

• Cucumbers
• Pickles
• Cornstalks
• Silage

16
Lactate Salvage Gluconeogenesis

• Some shared enzymes
• Reciprocal regulation
• In liver of mammals