Chapter 11 Kingdom Protista

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Chapter 11 Kingdom Protista
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Kingdom Protista is subdivided into three
subkingdoms

• The animal-like protists
• The plant-like protists
• The fungus-like protists

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Subkingdom protozoa

• The Animal-like Protists

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Subkingdom Protozoa

• Known as the protozoans, meaning first animals
• Also known as zooplankton, tiny floating animals
  in bodies of water
• From the Greek word planktos meaning wanderer
• Divided into phyla based on their method of
  locomotion

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Protozoan locomotion

• Phylum Sarcodina pseudopod
• Phylum Ciliophora cilia
• Phylum Zoomastigina flagella
• Phylum Sporozoa - none

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Phylum Sarcodina

• Sarcode
• - word used to describe the jellylike contents
  of protozoans
• - first proposed by Dujardin, an European
  naturalist is the 1800s
• - comes from the Greek meaning soft

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Phylum Sarcodina

• Movement by pseudopod, a false foot
• Common example the amoeba
• Method of eating phagocytosis
• Only has asexual reproduction by mitosis

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Anatomy of an Amoeba

• Also note the ectoplasm and the endoplasm

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Other Sarcodines

• These are known as radiolarians sticky,
  needlelike pseudopodia and a glassy shell
  composed of silica
• Top Arcella
• Bottom Actinophrys sol

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Other Sarcodines

• Top Difflugia, another radiolarian
• Bottom a foraminiferan (foramen means hole)
• branched pseudopodia and a shell composed of
  calcium carbonate

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Other Sarcodines

• Foraminiferans come in a variety of shapes and
  colors!

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Parasitic amoebas

• Amoebic meningitis can be caused by Naegleria
  fowleri, a free living amoeba found in warm fresh
  water

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Other parasitic amoebas

• Amoebic dysentery can be caused by Entameba
  histolytica. This picture shows cysts in a colon
  biopsy.

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Phylum Ciliata

• Movement by cilia
• Common example the paramecium
• Sexual reproduction occurs by conjugation
• Note the macronucleus and the micronucleus

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Anatomy of a Paramecium
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Other Ciliates

• Top Stentor - a sessile ciliate
• Bottom This Stentor has been flattened by
  absorbing excessively watery surrounding medium
  in order to observe the necklace shaped
  macronucleus

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Other Ciliates

• Top Vorticella the stalk is retractable
• Bottom Tetrahymena

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Phylum Zoomastigina

• Movement by flagella
• Common examples
• Top Chilomonas chief food source for larger
  protozoans
• Bottom Peranema active predator and scavenger

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Parasitic Flagellates

• Giardia lamblia
• This is the protozoan responsible for Giardiasis.
• Note
• a) 4 pairs of flagella
• b) 2 large nuclei

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Other parasitic flagellates

• Top Trypanosoma brucei, cause of African
  sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis)
• Bottom tsetse fly, the normal host of Trypanosoma

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Phylum Sporozoa

• No structure for locomotion
• Top Plasmodium, the cause of malaria, rupturing
  RBCs
• Bottom female Anopheles mosquito, normal host
  for Plasmodium

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Life cycle for Plasmodium