????10.2 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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????10.2

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Title: Introduction to Management Science Author: Mark Hillier Last modified by: ariel_hsu Created Date: 8/6/2002 1:31:04 AM Document presentation format – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ????10.2


1
? 10 ? ??
  • ???? 10.2
  • ??????(10.1?) 10.310.9
  • ????????????(10.2?) 10.1010.14
  • ?????????????(10.3?) 10.1510.31
  • ?????????(10.4?) 10.3210.36
  • ?????????(10.5?) 10.3710.41
  • ?????(10.6?) 10.42

2
????
  • ??????,?????
  • 1. ????????????
  • 2. ???????????????????
  • 3. ??????????????
  • 4. ????????????????????
  • 5. ?????????????????????
  • 6. ????????,?????????????????
  • 7. ????????????????(??)?????(??)??????
  • 8. ????????????????

3
Fastchips ??????
  • Fastchips ??????????????
  • ????,?????????????
  • ????????????(?????)??? 17 25 24 26 30 28
  • ???????????????

4
?????
  • ?????(last-value forecasting method)??????????????
    ???????? ??? ??
  • Fastchips????????????(?????)??? 17 25 24 26 30
    28
  • ??? 28

5
?????
  • ?????(averaging forecasting method)???????????,???
    ?????????
  • ??? ??????????
  • Fastchips????????????(?????)??? 17 25 24 26 30
    28
  • ??? (172524263028) / 6 25

6
???????
  • ???????(moving-average forecasting
    method)????????????????????
  • n ???????? ??? ?? n ???????
  • Fastchips????????????(?????)??? 17 25 24 26 30
    28
  • ??? (n3) (263028) / 3 28

7
???????
  • ???????(exponential smoothing forecasting
    method)??????????????
  • ??????????????,??????????????
  • ???????(exponential smoothing with
    trend),????????????????,??????????(?)??????,??????
    ??????(?)????

8
????
  • ???????????????????,?????????????????
  • ??????????????????????,?????????????????
  • ?????????????????????

9
??????
  • ??????(mean absolute deviation,?? MAD)
    ?????????? MAD (??????????) / (????)
  • ????(mean square error,??MSE)????????????? MSE
    (???????) / (????)
  • ???????,MSE ???????????

10
??????(CCW)
  • ??????(Computer Club Warehouse,??CCW)?????????,???
    ???(???????)????,??????????
  • ???????????????????????????????????(????),????????
    ??
  • ???????????,?????,???????????
  • ????????????????????????????,????????,????????,???
    ????????????????,?????????????????
  • ???????????????,????????????
  • ???????????????

11
25??(???????)
  • 25 ???????????????????,????????????????????,????
    ????????????,???????????? 25?
  • ????????? ??????
  • ????????? ??????
  • ????????? 1.25(??????)
  • ?????????? (??????) / 1.25

12
???????(?????)
13
?? 25 ??
14
??????
  • ??????(mean absolute deviation,??
    MAD)?????????? MAD (??????????) / (????)
  • ????(mean square error,??MSE)????????????? MSE
    (???????) / (????)
  • ???????,MSE ???????????

15
??????
  • ????????????,???????????????
  • ??????(???????)????????????????????????? ????
    (????) / (?????)
  • ?????????????????,????????????????? ????????
    (?????) / (????)

16
CCW ???????
17
??????? Excel ??
18
CCW ????????
19
????????
  1. ?????????????
  2. ??????????????,???????????????
  3. ??????????????,??????????????

20
?????
  • ??????????????????????????? ??? ??
  • ?????????????(naive method)?????????????,?????????
    ???,???????(sample size)??(????)???,???????
  • ??,???????,?????????????????,?????????????,???????
    ??????,????????????

21
???????? CCW ??
22
?????
  • ????????????????,????????????
  • ??? ??????????
  • ????????????????? ?
  • ??,??????????????????????????????????,????????????
    ???????????????

23
???????? CCW ??
24
???????
  • ???????????????????????????
  • n ???????? ??? ?? n ???????
  • ??????????????????????????????????
  • ??,???????????????????????????????? n
    ??????????,???????????????????????????

25
?????????? CCW ??
26
???????
  • ??????????????????,?????????????????????,?????????
    ??????
  • ??? a (??) (1- a )(?????)
  • ?? a ???01?????
  • ?????? a ???,?????????? a(1a) ???,????????
    a(1a)2 ?????
  • ??,? a 0.5,?????? 0.5 ???,?????? 0.25
    ???,?????? 0.125 ?????
  • ??? a ???????????,????????????????
  • ?????????????????????
  • ???????,??? a ?(? a 0.1)?????
  • ???????????,??? a ?(? a 0.5)?????

27
?????????? CCW ??
28
????????(??????????)
29
???????
  • ???????(exponential smoothing with trend
    forecasting method )?????????????????????(???)???
  • ?? ?????????????????????
  • ???????????,????????????????????(estimated
    trend)?
  • ??? a(??) (1-a)(?????) ?????
  • a ??? 0 ? 1???????
  • ???????????????????
  • ????? b (?????) (1  b) (??????? )
  • b ???????(trend smoothing constant)
  • ?????? n ?????
  • ??? a (??) (1 a) (?????) n (?????)

30
?????????? CCW ??
31
??????? MAD ? MSE ???
32
??????????(????? 7,500)
33
?????????????(?????? 7,500)
34
???????????????????????
35
???????
  • ????????????????????,?????????????????,???????
  • ????????????????????,??????????,????????,??????
  • ?????????????????????,?????????,????????,????????
    ????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????,???????????????????
    ??????????,???????????,????????????????????
  • ????????????????????????????,????????,???????????
    ????????

36
?????
  • 1. ???????????,?????,?????????????
  • 2. ????????????????,????????????????,?????????
  • 3. ??????????????????,??????????,?????????,???????
  • 4. ???????????,??????????????????
  • 5. ????????,?????????,?????????????
  • (a) ?????????????
  • (b) ??????????,??????????????????
    ??????????????????????????????

37
?????(?)
  • 6. ??????????????????,??????????????,????????????,
    ????????,?????????????????????,???????????????????
    ???
  • 7. ????????????????????,????????????????????????,
    ??????????,???????????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????,?????????????????????????
  • 8. ????????????,???????????????????????
  • 9. ?????????(?????????)???????????,??????????????
    ?????????
  • 10. ???????????(casual forecasting with linear
    regression)???????????????????

38
?????
  • ?????????????(dependent variable)?????????(indepen
    dent variables)????????????-????

39
CCW???????????
40
???????????
41
????
  • ?????????????,???????????????(CCW?????)????(CCW???
    ??)????
  • ?????????????,????????,???????????????(???????????
    ????)?,???????????
  • ????,??????????????
  • y a bx?? y ??????? a
    ????????y???? b ?????????? x ??????

42
Excel ????????
43
?????
  • ?????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????(bottom-up approach)???,????????
    (?)???????????????????????????,????????????,??????
    ????????
  • ??????????????????(grass-roots approach)
    ???????????????????????,?????????????????????????
  • ????(Delphi method)????????????????,?????????????
    ????????????????,????????????,???????????????,????
    ????????????????
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