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Doppler/Ranging measurement principle
Earth-s/c closed loop radio link
Mars Orbiter (transponder)
?up
PLASMA
Sun
?down
?SEP
Earth (maser)
RTLT Round Trip Light Time?up?down 600-1400 s
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Newtonian Approach
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rotation rate/ variations of length-of-day
polar motion
precession/ nutations
inertial reference frame
reference frame tied to Mars
Mars interior core liquid/solid?
atmosphere ice cap
Earth/Orbiter
Orbiter/MicroStations
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GINS For accurate S/C Orbit Determination
(GRGS/ORB)DYNAMO For Geophysical Parameters
Determination
GINS
MEASUREMENTS
A PRIORI ORBIT (numerical integration of S/C
motion) Gravity field DE406 ephemeris (Sun,
Mercury, Earth, ) relativistic corrections
K2 Love Number Librations Desaturation
(epoch, intensity) Non-gravitational
accelerations (or modeling) State Vector (from
navigation or previous adjustment)
Accelerometer data (or attitude mode Quaternions)

• S/C Tracking data from
• the Earth
• the planetary surface
• S/C Tracking data sets
• Doppler Ranging
• (corrected from propagation effect)
• Angular position of S/C w.r.t. planetary
  surface (MPO)

Predicted S/C Tracking data (given positions of
the tracking stations)
Least Squares Adjustment on TRACKING MEASUREMENTS
DYNAMO Normal matrices Stacking Resolution
ADJUSTED ORBIT State Vector, Desaturation Data
biases, modeling of non-gravitational forces
Normal matrices physical dynamics information
Physical Dynamics parametersgravity field, K2
Love number, station positions,
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Newton versus Einstein
gt GINS
gt SCRMI
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a) Method GINS provides template orbits to
validate the SCRMI orbits - simulations with 1)
Schwarzschild metric gt validate Schwarzschild
correction 2)
(Schwarzschild GRIM4-S4) metric gt validate
harmonic contributions
3) Kerr metric gt validate
Lens-Thirring correction 4) GCRS
metric with(out) Sun, Moon, Planets gt validate
geodetic precession (other bodies
contributions)

()
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GINS is the ONLY European Geophysical
Orbitography Software
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